Audit Quality and Cost of Debt Capital for Private Firms: Evidence from Finland Jukka Karjalainen Department of Business University of Eastern Finland April 10‚ 2010 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the value relevance of the perceived audit quality in terms of who audits‚ as well as the audit outcomes in terms of the auditor’s opinion and accruals quality‚ in the pricing of debt capital for privately-held firms by examining a large sample of privately-held Finnish firms. The
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United States debt has reached infamous levels of expansion ; reaching an ascent of over $19 Trillion in Debt with an enormous fiscal gap of over $210 Trillion ( REPORTS ) ( The Federal Debt ). In this event and with our levels of debt‚ if the United States were to experience a macro economic and geopolitical event‚ such as the Great Depression of the 20th century‚ the U.S. Economy could reach its deadline (Foreign Holdings). Although some people may be convinced that this national debt is what keeps
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When Lenovo acquired IBM’s PC division to transition out of being China’s largest PC maker to the third largest in the world‚ they were confronted with the challenge of four different brand strategies. Lenovo desired to clearly communicate an authentic value proposition for the newly combined resources of their firm. With this‚ we would recommend a Synergy branding strategy in the short term and a Master Brand approach in the long term. We feel this co-branding approach will further align Lenovo’s
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respectively. Her monthly payment on an automobile loan is $375. What is Louise’s debt payments-to-income ratio? Is Louise living within her means? (LO 5.3) Louise’s Gross Income = $3‚000 Less: Income taxes = -700 Less: Social Security Tax = -250 Less: IRA contribution = -100 Net take-home pay = $1‚950 Her monthly payments on VISA‚ MasterCard‚ and a car loan add up to $500 per month. Louise’s debt payments to income ratio is 500 to 1‚950‚ or 25.6 percent. This ratio exceeds
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Accounting Education: an international journal Vol. 20‚ No. 3‚ 275 – 294‚ June 2011 ‘A distinguishing factor’: Oral Communication Skills in New Accountancy Graduates F. ELIZABETH GRAY and NIKI MURRAY Massey University‚ New Zealand Received: August 2009 Revised: January 2011; May 2010; January 2011 Accepted: January 2011 Published online: March 2011 ABSTRACT This study into the perceived importance of oral communication skills in accountancy
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Commitment (OC) • Organization’s Awareness (OA) CARING INTEGRITY FUN Self Control (SCT) • Achievement (ACH) Teamwork (TW) PASSION COMPETENCIES BASE by Spencer&Spencer Problem Definition (fishbone Method) Low Fare High Cost HR Problem Definition • The management team (CEO & BOD) that is spread across the america to attract certain veteran in the industry to join Jetblue can cause dis-coordination • Non-unionized environment can cause certain expectation or suggestion
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THE PROMOTIONAL TOOLSADVERTISING1. PERVASIVENESS: Advertising permits the seller to repeat a message many times. It also allows the buyer to compare messages of various competitors. Large scale advertising says something positive about the seller size‚ power and success. 2. AMPLIFIED EXPRESSIVENESS: Advertising provides opportunities for dramatizing the company and its products through the artful print sound color. ADVERTISING CAN BE USED TO BUILD UP A LONG TERM IMAGE FOR A PRODUCTPROMOTIONThe
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Strategy 7 Advertising 11 Promotion 13 Brands in the Lenovo space 13 Promotion Strategy 13 Impact of Promotion and Future Outlook 13 Channel Strategy 15 Channels of Distribution 15 Physical Distribution 16 Lenovo Customer Support 17 Distribution Strategy 18 Pricing Strategy 19 Alternate Pricing Strategy 20 Product Life Cycle and New Product Development Strategy 21 References 22 Shop Visits 23 Introduction Lenovo is an ace Chinese computer technology corporation that develops
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Product – Lenovo Laptops With a total population of 5 million in 2011‚ Singapore has more than 3.37 million internet users. The country has more broadband accounts than homes with the broadband penetration rate at 148.9% in 2009‚ representing more than 5.96 million subscriptions With a total population of 5 million in 2011. This shows the high level of digital literacy in the Singapore market. Further more‚ laptops are slowly replacing desktops in terms of those studying‚ and those working whose
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Small Case #1 (Lenovo: Striving to be the best) 1. SWOT analysis Location of Factor Type of Factor Favorable Unfavorable Internal Strengths Well-established brand equity Highly respected international business partners Leading position in China Capacity to keep up with market trends and demands High performance in China’s domestic market Weaknesses Low profit margins compared to the industry average Complex and inefficient cost composition Low performance in tablet and smart phone lines abroad External
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