UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE SCHOOL OF LAW COURSEWORK FOR ASPECTS OF EUROPEAN LAW (2LAW0043) DATE - 16th March 2010 ‘The useful effect of a directive would be weakened if individuals were prevented from relying on it before their national courts...’ Van Duyn v Home Office (Case 41/74) Discuss the above statement in the light of the doctrine of direct effect and the later doctrines developed by the ECJ. In order to discuss the above statement
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First Nations. The notion of wealth‚ the growing dependence on Europeans‚ and Smallpox were all events that had lasting impacts on the First Nations culture even to this day. A large impact on Aboriginal peoples was their growing dependency on European culture. Tobacco was considered a sacred medicine and the First Nations people relied on the Europeans to provide it for them. The First Nations became extrememly dependent on the Europeans for items they had never had before and were considered luxuries
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Analyse the impact of European contact in Māori between 1642 and prior to the sighing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. Between 1642 and prior to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi‚ many European traders and missionaries arrived‚ bringing changes for Māori. They impacted the Māori society and introduced many new things to the Māori like pigs‚ muskets‚ tobacco and alcohol. Missionaries also influenced Māori and introduced Māori to Christianity and to the written language. Europeans changed the lifestyle
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period "European in 15th and 16th century" is known as "the Age of Exploration." However what caused this improvement? During this period‚ European increasing their knowledges and techniques‚ expanded their land‚ also led their country to become rich. The main cause for European exploration in 15th and 16th century was spirit of adventure follow by economic motives to a lesser extend religious motives. In the first place‚ the spirit of adventure is the most major reason that caused European exploration
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European and Japanese Feudalism Feudalism was not only a European invention‚ the Japanese created their form of feudalism also at its height in Europe. These two feudalistic societies had their own similarities and some differences. But through this‚ feudalism had a great effect on Feudal Europe and Japan. European and Japanese feudalism systems both had the same general idea. This was for powerful landholders to establish and lead a class of warriors for protection. Ownership of land
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Introduction of European Union The European Union (EU) is a family of democratic European countries working together to improve life for their citizens and to build a better world. In just half a century it has delivered peace and prosperity in Europe‚ a single currency and a frontier-free ’single market ’ where people‚ goods‚ services and capital can move around freely. It has become a major trading bloc‚ and a world leader in fields such as environmental protection and development aid. The European Union
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European Colonization It was said in Romans 8:31 “If God is with us‚ who can be against us? Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?” To any follower of Christ living in sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe‚ the answer to this question was no one. Europe believed that God gave them superiority and aid in their conquests and colonization of both Native American and African land. The three key factors that secured Europe’s domination of the New World were their technological superiority
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Maastricht introduced European citizenship. This finally defined what an EU citizen ’ is‚ most obviously in the amended Article 17 of the Treaty of Rome. This declared that in order for one to hold "citizenship of the Union"‚ one must hold "nationality of a Member State". So anyone with nationality to a country within the European union is immediately granted European Citizenship. Consequently all nationals belonging to states joining the EU will also be automatically conferred European citizenship. It
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Throughout the novel The Scarlet Letter there are many symbols. One of the biggest symbols of the novel is the scarlet letter A that Hester Prynne is sentenced to wear after she commits adultery. It is a symbol that is sewn onto her clothes for everyone to see. It is a punishment that is meant to humiliate her for the duration of the time that she stays in Puritanical Boston. During the novel‚ the scarlet letter changes and evolves from meaning adultery to meaning ability and even physically changes
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Introduction To fully appreciate the position of the European Council within the European Union we first took a brief look at how the European Union came about. The European project first started soon after the second world with the creation of the ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community) to harmonise relations between the Nations of Europe and to prevent any further conflicts of the scale of the wars that had preceded its creation. The new spirit of cooperation aimed to bring about a new era of
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