It is through morality that human beings have developed social entities revolving around employment‚ education‚ health‚ and innovation. Collectively sacrificing for the common good‚ we recognize the benefits of society. Inclusion promotes cumulative knowledge‚ knowledge promotes technological progress‚ and this progress promotes economic growth. As societies reevaluate the roles of government‚ private business‚ and individuals‚ social wealthfare – in particular the distribution of health care – has
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Throughout the course of History countless philosophers have written about the idea of utopian societies. This idea is such an intriguing topic to philosophers‚ because theoretically Utopian societies are impossible‚ so trying to come up plausible societies in which everything is perfect presents a kind of challenge for them. Of the many philosophers that have given their two cents on the matter‚ Jean Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx’s are two of the more interesting ones. In Rousseau’s Discourse
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and modified by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. It has been acknowledged repeatedly as a foundational text in the development of the modern principles of human rights that underlie contemporary conceptions of democracy. Social contract theory present in Leviathan‚ by Thomas Hobbes‚ relies on two assumptions. First‚ all humans are self-interested and only act in accordance with the motivation to better their own situations‚ which would lead to a state of perpetual war. Second‚ humans are rational actors who
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the theoretical foundations of American government 1 Can socialism coexist with democracy? Is extensive economic freedom essential to democracy? Can the unequal economic outcomes of capitalism be considered “undemocratic”? In his 1651 Leviathan‚ Thomas Hobbes observed that without government‚ life would be “solitary‚ poor‚ nasty‚ brutish‚ and short.” Justify his argument. With this justification‚ justify the existence of government as it presently operates in the United States today.
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Natural right is distinguished from that of legal right. Natural rights are those rights of any species that exist outside of artificial legal contrivances. Fish that swim in the ocean do so by natural right and not out of some legislation that allows it. Here then are John Lockes own words on the subject: "The main intention of nature‚ which willeth the increase of mankind‚ and the continuation of the species in the highest perfection" "The people can not delegate to government the power to
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others and achieve stable peace (Roberts & Sutch‚ 2004). To this‚ Baumgold (1998) suggests that Hobbes calls for individuals to grant their power and giving up individual’s right by nature upon one man only through social contract. In addition‚ Leviathan suggests the government needs to adopt absolute sovereign or practice absolute power in order for men to escape the miserable state of nature. Heywood (2013) argues that sovereign can be in the form of legal supremacy‚ political supremacy and internal
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1984: Government’s Attempt to Control The Mind and Bodies of Its Citizens The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell is an American classic which explores the human mind when it comes to power‚ corruption‚ control‚ and the ultimate utopian society. Orwell indirectly proposes that power given to the government will ultimately become corrupt and they will attempt to force all to conform to their one set standard. He also sets forth the idea that the corrupted government will attempt to
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it; all that cracks the sinews and cakes the brain; all the subtle demonisms of life and thought; all evil‚ to crazy Ahab‚ were visibly personified‚ and made practically assailable in Moby Dick. (Melville 154) Moby Dick is also a depiction of Leviathan‚ Job’s whale
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The Modern Era The Modern Era of political philosophy is best characterized as a revolt against the traditional constraints of the time. Machiavelli believed that politics should be separate and distinct from ethics‚ morality‚ and religion. Protestant reformers such as Luther and Calvin went head to head with the Catholic Church‚ paving the way for religious individualism and incorporating various political revisions. Hobbes called for a major overhaul in England concerning not only political and
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ABSTRACT In exploring the main arguments of Hobbes and Locke‚ outlining their points of convergence as well as divergence‚ this paper will argue that western democracies also known as liberal democracies can be categorized as hybrids that enlist both Hobbesian and Lockean traits. The view that Hobbes’ absolutist state is despotic‚ prone to the elements of tyranny and does not conform to democratic principles is misplaced. This paper will argue that Hobbes laid the foundations of modern day liberal
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