Contracts Summary DAMAGES – REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT THE INTERESTS PROTECTED Fuller and Perdue‚ “The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages” There are three principle purposes in awarding contract damages: restitution interest – object is the prevention of unjust enrichment by the defaulting promisor at the expense of the promisee reliance interest – object is to put the plaintiff in a good position as he was before the promise was made expectation interest – object is to put the
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Donoghue vs Stevenson (1932) is the first case law relevant of liability to third party. However‚ in this case‚ the liability is only established if there are physical harms of loss by third parties (not economic losses) Candler & Crane Chrismas (1951) is the next stage of development‚ where there is liability for financial loss if there is a contractual relationship‚ a fiduciary relationship or a fraud Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd vs Heller & Parties Ltd (1963) is a significant point of development
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The Law of Contract Voidable Contract – Coercion The word “contract” can be defined as a voluntary‚ deliberate‚ and legally binding agreement between two or more competent parties. Contracts are usually written but may be spoken or implied‚ and generally have to do with employment‚ sale or lease‚ or tenancy. A contractual relationship is evidenced by an offer‚ acceptance of the offer‚ intention to create legal relations‚ consideration‚ certainty and capacity. However‚ while all parties may expect
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Definition of Products Liability (PL) Any cause of action having to do w/a product; not a cause of action in and of itself; rather‚ it has to do with an injury or accident arising out of the use of a product (any product sold in the stream of commerce; must be sold by a merchant) Theories of Liabilities / Causes of Actions a. Negligence(§ B - pp. 2 - 3) i. Introduction
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A Collateral contract A collateral contract is one where the parties to one contract enter into or promise to enter into another contract. Thus‚ the two contracts are connected and it maybe enforced even though it forms no constructive part of the original contract. According to Lord Denning MR in the case of Evans & Sons Ltd v Andrea Merzario Ltd [1976] 1 WLR 1078 a collateral contract is ‘When a person gives a promise‚ or an assurance to another‚ intending that he should act on it by entering
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Limited Liability Personal Definition: In the event a liability arises‚ limited liability prohibits the available assets to only the business entity itself. Essentially‚ the investor cannot lose more than he or she puts in. This protects the individuals working for the entity on a personal level. Nobody can attack his or her personal assets‚ unless the individual exhibits some form of activity that qualifies for piercing the corporate veil. Investopedia Definition: A type of liability that does
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Corporate groups can be defined as a company structure where several companies are interconnected through contract shareholding or as Dine says‚ “By interlocking dictatorships.” In these structure holding companies usually have control and influence over subsidiaries. Limited liability on the other hand‚ is the logical consequence of the existence of a separate legal entity or generally‚ the concept simply means that since the company is different from the shareholders‚ the members are only liable
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CONTRACTS IN BUSINESS On the 10th of September an offer was distinguished between Huddersford Electronics Ltd (HE ltd) and Gem Computer Stores (GCS). The offer was an invitation to treat as there is an entitlement that an offer could accepted and therefore‚ a contract could be formed. An offer is formed as HE ltd posted an offer to sell 10 laptops to GCS‚ keeping the offer open until the 24th September. A statement is made by HE ltd who is giving information to GCS expressing an intention to sell
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Recitals: (A) After the Closing‚ Aviation intends to enter into a one year contract with Roundhead Industries Corp. (“Roundhead”) to provide charter services for its executives. Aviation cannot enter the contract with Roundhead until the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement as Roundhead will not enter the contract until Aviation has full ownership of the Aircraft. The offer to enter the contract will expire on January 13‚ 2012 at 5:00 pm ET.1 Accordingly the parties agree:
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elements required for formation of valid contract The contract law is a situation where law is related to business transactions. In the situations good are purchased‚ sold‚ as well as moved through the contract. The employees are hired‚ land are developed‚ sold‚ bought leased or financed under the contract. Most of the businesses are based under contracts. Generally‚ the contracts represent foundation of the most of the commercial activities and therefore contract law stands for one of the crucial areas
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