organisational plan and all the related measures that an entity adopts to: * safeguard assets * encourage adherence to company policies * promote operational efficiency * ensure accurate and reliable accounting records. It is either an administrative control or an accounting control Characteristics of an effective internal control system include: * Competent‚ reliable‚ and ethical personnel * Assignment of responsibilities * Proper authorisation * Separation of duties
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Introduction to Accounting Accounting is a profession used to make financial and business decisions. Billions of dollars exchange hands every day‚ in millions of separate business transactions. These are recorded and reported on using a comprehensive set of guidelines‚ referred to as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Brief History of Accounting Accounting was born before writing or numbers existed‚ some 10‚000 years ago‚ in the area known as Mesopotamia‚ later Persia‚ and today the
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will I am sure be of interest not only to our student audience but as a refresher to those of you in practice that may be required to deal with this concept. In most businesses debtor balances represent an important element of working capital. Accounting principles dictate that the supply of goods or services is accounted for as sales‚ at the point at which the buyer has a legal obligation to pay for them. Total debtors represent the value of credit sales for which payment has yet to be received
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Content 1 Introduction 1 1.Task one 2 The models and concepts affecting the pricing decisions taken by organisations‚ critically reflecting upon their usefulness 2 2‚ Task two 6 The role of standard costing and variance analysis in management accounting and a critically discussion of the value and limitations of variance analysis as a means of identifying key areas which have contributed to the overall profit figure. 6 3‚ The advantages and disadvantages of introducing an Activity Based Costing
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Offering Support (York SOS) to accompany our ACTG2011 Exam-AID session. It is intended for students enrolled in any sections of 2012/2013 INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING II-ACTG2011 course who are looking for an additional resource to assist their studies in preparation for the exam. References Friedlan‚ John (2010). Financial Accounting: A Critical Approach – 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill. What is Students Offering Support? Students Offering Support is a national network of student volunteers
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ACCOUNTING SUBSTANCE OVER FORM Substance over form is an accounting concept where the entity is accounting for items according to their substance and economic reality and not merely their legal form. It is one of the key determinants of reliable information. For most transactions there will be no difference and in some cases however‚ the two diverge and the choice of how to present the transactions can give very different results. This differences occurs when an asset or liability is not recognized
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Adjusting Accounts and Preparing Financial Statements QUESTIONS 1. The cash basis of accounting reports revenues when cash is received while the accrual basis reports revenues when they are earned. The cash basis reports expenses when cash is paid while the accrual basis reports expenses when they are incurred (and matched with revenues they generated). 2. The accrual basis of accounting generally provides a better indication of company performance and financial condition than does the cash
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ACC 556 – Financial Accounting for Managers Chapter 1 Homework Due Week 1 and worth 10 points Directions: Answer the following four questions on a separate document. Explain how you reached the answer or show your work if a mathematical calculation is needed‚ or both. Submit your homework assignment using the homework assignment link in the course shell. E1-1 Here is a list of words or phrases discussed in this chapter: 1. 2. 3. Corporation Creditor Accounts receivable 4. 5. 6. Partnership Stockholder
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cost-effective. (B) Marketing Manager 4. Trying to determine whether the company’s net income will result in a stock price increase. (A) Investors in common stock 5. Trying to determine whether the company should employ debt or equity financing. (D) Chief Financial Officer Do It! 1-1 Identify each of the following organizational characteristics with the organizational form or forms with which it is associated. (A) Easier to transfer ownership Corporate (B) Easier to raise funds Corporate (C) More
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Solution: i. Establishment of estimated growth rate in earnings and dividends. XYZ Company’s current EPS is $4.75. It was $3.90 a year ago. The company pays out 35% of its earnings as dividends‚ and the stock sells for $45. a. Calculate the past growth rate in earnings. b. Calculate the next expected dividend. Assume that the past growth rate will continue Answer: If payout ratio is constant‚ then dividend growth rate will be same as earnings growth rate. a) dividend growth rate over
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