RECRYSTALLISATION PRESNTED BY Mariam SeiduPriscilla TweneboahEvans Appiah-Kubi 3796509 Yaw Adu PokuEric Adjei 3809009 INTRODUCTION Recrystallization is a method of purifying a solid. There are two types of impurities: those more soluble in a given solvent than the main component and those less soluble. (If there are any impurities that have the same solubility as the main component‚ then a different solvent needs to be chosen.) When organic
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depolarization‚ we use the term resting potential. Modality gated channels- specific to sensory neurons‚ open in response to mechanical forces (i.e. stretch‚ touch‚ pressure‚ temperature changes or chemicals) Ligand- is a particular molecule that causes a receptor to open. The ligand gated channels open in response to a neurotransmitter binding to the surface of a channel receptor on a postsynaptic cell membrane‚ when open these channels allow the flow of electrically charged ions between extracellular
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BIO 353 Cell Biology Study Questions for Exam #3 Fall‚ 2012 Cytoskeleton “The harder the conflict‚ the more glorious the triumph.” Thomas Paine... “Unless you really just screw up.” Bush 1. What are microfilaments? (He said know how to identify/draw these) Note: since it is multiple choice‚ I doubt we will have to know how to draw them. **There are also short essay questions and‚ in past classes‚ he has asked students to draw. I thought the final was ALL MULTIPLE CHOICE???********************************
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carbon atom or molecule with two unpaired valence electrons‚ into an unactivated carbon-hydrogen bond. This reaction produces many commercially valuable compounds. The reaction itself involves the use of diazocarbonyl compounds which contain an N2 ligand on a carbon alpha to a carbonyl. The reaction is thermodynamically favourable as it involves the release of nitrogen gas. The carbon hydrogen bond is extremely strong and is difficult to break down; hence a catalyst‚ a substance which lowers the energy
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Objectives of the course • Wave mechanics / Atomic orbitals (AOs) – The basis for rejecting classical mechanics (the Bohr Model) in the treatment of electrons – Wave mechanics and the Schrödinger equation – Representation of atomic orbitals as wave functions – Electron densities and radial distribution functions – Understanding the effects of shielding and penetration on AO energies • Bonding – Review VSEPR and Hybridisation – Linear combination of molecular orbitals (LCAO)‚ bonding
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cytosol. 15. Which of the following describes the signal transduction mechanism for estrogen‚ a steroid hormone? a. Activation of enzyme-linked receptor (JAK kinase) b. Activation of cAMP second messenger system c. Opening of fast ligand-gated channels d. Altering transcription of mRNA 16. Lipid-soluble hormones a. Bind to receptors inside the cytoplasm or nucleus. b. Function by activating cAMP c. Bind to receptors on the surface of the cell d. Cannot diffuse
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3. Describe a ligand-receptor interaction and state how such interactions initiate a signal-transduction system. Ligand – receptor interaction: when a signaling molecule specifically binds as a ligand to the receptor protein‚ the gate opens or closes‚ allowing or blocking the flow of specific ions; protein interaction is a unifying theme of cell regulation at the cellular level. 4. Compare and contrast G-protein-linked receptors‚ tyrosine-kinase receptors‚ and ligand-gated ion channels
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2.3.3. Apoptosis analysis The flow cytometry is one of the efficient and specific methods to investigate the cell death or apoptosis. The fractions of cell populations in different quadrants are analyzed using quadrant statistics such as lower left quadrant (R2-living cells)‚ lower right quadrant (R3-early apoptosis cells)‚ the upper right quadrant (R4- the late apoptosis cells) and the upper left quadrant (R5-dead cells). To examine the apoptosis effect of 3a‚ we treated HepG-2 cells with 25‚ 50
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in order to assume their proper developmental role. Notch proteins are cell surface transmembrane-spanning receptors which mediate critically important cellular functions through direct cell-cell contact. Interaction between Notch and its proposed ligands
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The tert-butyl group has been broadly used to protect functional groups in natural product synthesis such as amino acid‚ peptide and protein chemistry [1]. The tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC) group is known as protecting group for amides in organic synthesis. The introduction of BOC group improves the solubility of organic precursors and their processability in organic synthesizes [2]. The methyl substituted pyridine derivatives were widely reported for their various biological activities such as anxiolytic
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