indicated an electronic influence on the regioselectivity‚ could be confirmed and appear to be predictable. The reaction follows a [3þ2] mechanism. We additionally report results on the experimentally observed competing dihydroxylation reaction and the ligand-induced reaction rate acceleration. Introduction Sharpless et al. reported in the 1970s an aza-analogon of the osmium-catalyzed cis-vicinal dihydroxylation (DH)1 of alkenes‚ the aminohydroxylation (AH).2‚3 In 1996 it was rendered asymmetric4
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necessary for proper synaptic signal transmission and visual function. α-dystroglycan was shown to interact with pikachurin through immunoprecipitation. Pikachurin-dystroglycan interaction Dystroglycan ligand with other proteins is essential. Glycosylation of dystroglycan is necessary for its ligand binding activity. Mutations in glycosyltransferase enzymes cause abnormal glycosylation of dystroglycan.
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up-regulation of the receptor. Ligand interactions occur with various discrete forms of the receptor as originally proposed in 1958 by Katz and Thesleff‚ e.g.‚ open‚ resting‚ and desensitized states that are in equilibrium (Lena and Changeux‚ 1993). In addition to the acetylcholine (ACh) binding site‚ the nAChR‚ like other LGICs‚ e.g.‚ GABAA(benzodiazepine‚ neurosteroid‚ and barbiturate) andN-methyl-D-aspartate (glycine and polyamine)‚ has binding sites for other types of ligand that can modify the equilibrium
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| | D) 3 | | E) 2 | Question 3 A ligand is: | A) a molecule or ion that has at least one lone pair of electrons | | B) a nucleophile | | C) a Lewis base | | D) part of a coordination compound | | E) All of the above | Question 4 In K[Cu(CN)2]‚ how many 3d electrons does the copper ion have? | A) 10 | | B) 9 | | C) 8 | | D) 7 | | E) 6 | Question 5 Which of the following is a bidentate ligand? | A) cyanide
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lanthanide complexes * Powers: * Efficiency of an homogeneous process * Fine tuning of activity with the choice of ligands * Greater selectivity (region‚ chemo selectivity) * Better potential for asymmetric catalysis * Better understanding of the catalyst structure * Limitation: * Problematic separation * Catalyst Cost – metal and ligands expensive * Homogenous catalysis used for complex reations in fine and pharmaceutical industry HETEROGENOUS: * catalyst
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Bhatia 1 Ravnit Kaur-‐Bhatia Biochemistry 444 Term Paper Dr. Cristina Clement Date: December 16th‚ 2012 My Protein Data Bank (PDB) entry code is 1TW4 and this structure was determined by crystallography. The primary paper describing this paper is: Title: Crystal structure of chicken liver basic
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proteins. Ligand activated receptors may enter the cell nucleus where they modulate gene expressions. Many receptors for hormones and neurotransmission are trans-membrane proteins. However‚ receptors within cell membranes may be peripheral or trans-membrane proteins. Acting through various secondary pathways involving ion channels‚ enzymes such as adenylyl (adenylate) cyclases‚ and phospolipases‚ or PDZ domains‚ metabotropic receptors are coupled to G proteins. Ion tropic receptors are ligand-activated
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SSM 2013-‐14 3 The Correlation between HER-2 Status and Brain Metastases in Trastuzumab-treated Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Ka-Kiu Claire Fung Literature Review: Biochemistry/ Molecular Biology Project Convenor: Dr J A Smith Word Count: 3223 words C a n d i d a t e N u m b e r : 2 0 7 7 Ka-Kiu Claire Fung Abstract It is widely known that patients with HER-2-positive advanced breast cancer are at particularly
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be a nerve cell releasing neurotransmitters. In autocrine signaling the cell that produces the ligand also contains the receptor for that ligand. This is how cancer cells work. In signaling by plasma membrane attached proteins‚ the target cell does something in response to direct contact from the signaling cell. 2) List examples of 1) steroid hormones and 2) amino acid derivatives that act as ligands. What are the catecholamines‚ and which amino acid are
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References: 39 Loh E‚ Qi W‚ Vilaire G‚ Bennett JS (1996) Effect of cytoplasmic domain mutations on the agoniststimulated ligand binding activity of the platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3 41 Calalb MB‚ Polte TR‚ Hanks SK (1995) Tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase at sites in the catalytic domain regulates kinase activity: a role for Src family kinases
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