World Applied Sciences Journal 18 (5): 684-688‚ 2012 ISSN 1818-4952 © IDOSI Publications‚ 2012 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.18.05.64179 Corresponding Author: M.I. Ibrahium‚ Department of Food Science and Technology‚ Faculty of Agriculture‚ AL-Azhar University‚ Cairo‚ Egypt. 684 Antioxidant Activities of Orange Peel Extracts A.E. Hegazy and M.I. Ibrahium Department of Food Science and Technology‚ Faculty of Agriculture‚ AL-Azhar University‚ Cairo‚ Egypt Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate
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The importance of carbohydrates in living organisms Carbohydrates contain carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1.2.1.. There are many different types of carbohydrate‚ all of which are useful to living organisms. The most important carbohydrate is probable glucose. Glucose is a monosaccharide and is the monomer unit which makes up more complex polysaccharides. Two glucose molecules can be joined in a condensation reaction‚ whereby water is removed‚ for example to produce maltose‚ a disaccharide
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major contributors of acid rain‚ whereas CO2 is a greenhouse gas responsible for climate change. b.i.4.b. water pollution b.i.4.b.i. Waste water discharges for a pulp and paper mill contains solids‚ nutrients and dissolved organic matter such as lignin. It also contains alcohols‚ and chelating agents and inorganic materials like chlorates and transition metal compounds.Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus can cause or exacerbate eutrophication of fresh water bodies such as lakes and rivers
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reinforced glass are bonded to a piece of clear plastic in a sandwich. If the glass smashes‚ the plastic grasps the wrecked pieces together. Wood and bone are natural composite materials. Wood is a fibre composite‚ containing of fibres of cellulose in lignin cement. Chipboard is a fibre composite that contains wooden chips stuck together. The stuffing of the chips is random‚ so the wooden fibres lie in all ways. Different natural wood‚ chipboard does not have a grain so it is similarly durable in all
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CELL STRUCTURE CELL THEORY: Structural and functional unit of all living things New cells arise from already existing cells Cells contain information that instructs growth. This information can be passed onto new cells. MICROSCOPES: There are two main types of microscopes: Light and Electron Electron Micrographs- shown in colour LIGHT ELECTRON Uses beam of light Magnification = x1500 Resolution = 200 nm Wide range of specimens can be used Samples are fairly quick + easy to prepare
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Genetically modified crops (GMCs‚ GM crops‚ or biotech crops) are plants‚ the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. Examples include resistance to certain pests‚ diseases‚ or environmental conditions‚ or resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to a herbicide)‚ or the production of a certain nutrient or pharmaceutical agent. Genetic engineering techniques
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3. Results and discussions 3.1. Disease Severity Results presented in Table 2 showed the disease severity (PDS) after 15 d of inoculation. A significant difference in the PDS was noticed between ‘Nicola’ and ‘Spunta’. The resistant cultivar (Nicola) showed lower incidence of infection compared to the susceptible cultivar (Spunta). Inducers’ treatments individually or in combination with difenoconazole (fungicide) showed significant protective effects against A. solani. The 2‚4-D was the most
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Understanding Your Fats and Fiber There are four major dietary fats that we in the foods that we may eat‚ transfats‚ saturated fats‚ monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat. Eating some of these fats may raise the cholesterol in our bodies. The fats that are considered to be bad fats that we eat are trans fats and saturated because they raise the bad cholesterol (LDL) in our bodies. Monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats are know to be the good fats and are know to help reduce bad
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widely produced industrially however; they are also produced by plants (mainly for protection against stress) and microorganisms where variations occur between different species. Polyphenols play vital roles in the growth of plants‚ especially in lignin and pigment biosynthesis. They are responsible for providing structure and scaffolding to plants‚ more importantly‚ phytoalexins that are secreted by wounded plants kill certain microorganisms‚ and some pathogenic organisms can counteract these defences
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Bioresource Technology 36 ( 1991 ) 77-82 Common Aspects of Acid Prehydrolysis and Steam Explosion for Pretreating Wood Hans E. Grethlein Michigan Biotechnology Institute‚ PO Box 27609‚ Lansing‚ Michigan 48909‚ USA & Alvin O. Converse Thayer School of Engineering‚ Dartmouth College‚ Hanover‚ New Hampshire 03755‚ USA Abstract The initial rate of hydrolysis using cellulase from Trichoderma reesei for various wood samples is directly proportional to the surface area available to the enzyme
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