3-2-3-1-Conventional Culture Method (Marks 1972): The infected lesions of the tuberculin positive reactors were collected and placed in to a sterile mortar containing sterile sand. The fat was removed and the suspected parts were cut into minute pieces. Then 2 ml of distilled water added to the mixture‚ homogenized and crushed well until the suspension was obtained. Then 2 ml of H2So4 acid 4% added to the mixture then incubated the mixture at 37 0C for 1/2 h. The mixture was diluted with
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invention revolutionized planet Earth. Over 1‚000 years ago the Cchinese invented an explosive chemical that would one day change the world. Gunpowder first began as three main chemicals: charcoal‚ sulfur‚ and potassium nitrate. All three chemicals‚ charcoal‚ sulfur‚ and potassium nitrate‚ would create make a chemical reaction that could have the potential to cause a massive devastation. The Chinese first started using gunpowder for fireworks and entertainment purposes‚ but little did they know that they
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plants healthy. In 2001‚ 53 million tons of fertilizer was used by the agricultural industry in the United States. Nitrogen fertilizers use ammonia as the building block for the production of water-soluble nitrogen-containing compounds‚ such as ammonium nitrate. Phosphorus is mined from natural geological deposits and mixed with sulfuric acid to make water-soluble phosphate compounds. Potassium is supplied as potash (potassium chloride) from evaporation of sea water. In the United States‚ the Association
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plastic which remains in the soil in good condition 500 hundred years later‚ too.[2] Frequently the agriculture is also responsible because they use too much chemicals. The different artificial fertilizers (nitrogenous‚ phosphates‚ ammoniums) dissolve in water and nitrates and so on arise from them.[3] Although‚ these seem to be far-away from us‚ nevertheless they are close because we pollute our direct environment‚ too. You can make sure if you are walking in
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An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons‚ giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. The name was given by physicist Michael Faraday for the substances that allow a current to pass ("go") between electrodes in a solution‚ when an electric field is applied. It is from Greek ιον‚ meaning "going." The word ion also is responsible for electrical current being symbolized by the letter i in chemistry and physics. An anion
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CHAPTER 9 : MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY NAME: NUR INSYIRAH BTE. AB HAMED CLASS: 4 SAINS GUNAAN (SG) SCHOOL: SMK SERI INDAH CONTENT Content Introduction 9.1 Sulphuric acid 9.1.1 Properties of sulphuric acid 9.1.2 The uses of sulphuric acid 9.1.3 The industrial process in manufacture of sulphuric acid 9.1.4 Environmental pollution by sulphuric acid 9.2 Ammonia and its salt 9.2.1 Properties of ammonia 9.2.2 The uses of ammonia 9.2.3 The industrial process in manufacture of ammonia
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Printed Ckt Board Types of PCB (I) Single Side (II) Double Side (III) Multi Layer (V) Flexible PCB * Single Side ( 1 layer ) :- The insulating substrate contains ckt pattern on only one side. Which is called as solder side. The other side is called component side. * Double Side (2 layer) :- Double side means the ckt pattern is present on the either side of the insulating material ckt pattern both on component side & solder side. * Flexible Cards :- Flexible
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is the principal cause of aridity (Fig. 1). This extreme aridity has resulted in a number of usual and unique features. These include the very low rates of erosion and accumulation of a range of unusual salts‚ including perchlorates‚ iodates‚ and nitrates in the soils as well as the more common halite‚ gypsum and anhydrite (Clarke‚ 2005). To understand the history of aridity in the Atacama Desert and its relevance to arid zone morphogenesis‚ regolith formation‚ and supergene mineralization‚ it is
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alcohols. | (i) Mix it with a few drops of ethanoyl chloride‚ test fumes with litmus and silver nitrate (* note ethanoyl chloride reacts with water‚ phenols and amines too!).(ii) Mix it with a little phosphorus(V) chloride and test as above.(iii) Warm with a little ethanoic acid and a few drops of conc. sulphuric acid. Pour into water. | (i) Litmus turns red and a white precipitate with silver nitrate(aq) (drop on end of glass rod)‚ if the mixture is poured into water you may detect a ’pleasant’
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assistance Enthalpy and Spontaneity * exothermic reactions tend to be spontaneous * Endothermic reactions can be either * Electrolysis of water is non-spontaneous it will stop if you stop the supply of energy * DD reaction between ammonium nitrate and barium hydroxide is spontaneous‚ even through the Entropy * Measure of disorder or randomness * Can apply to system ‚ surrounding or universe as whole * S is greater when solute dissolves in a solvent * S is greater when
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