Topic 2: The Ecosystem 2.1.1 Biotic: living factors or components‚ e.g. plants and animals. Abiotic: non-living factors or components‚ e.g. soil‚ water‚ wind‚ etc… 2.1.2 Trophic level: is the position that an organism or a group of organisms in a community occupies in a food chain. 2.1.3 A food chain shows the flow of energy from one organism to the next. A food web is a complex network of interrelated food chains. Producers (autotrophs): manufacture their
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GENERAL CHEMISTRY Laboratory Guide This module provides a laboratory guidelines‚ safety declaration form‚ Lab Report guidelines and Laboratory manual for subject of General Chemistry (CLD 10004). Mohd Zulkhairi Abdul Rahim Laboratory Information Before each lab session‚ you should prepare by reading the lab manual and the textbook required reading. We expect you to have a good understanding of the purpose‚ details of the procedure‚ the use of all chemicals and any significant hazards
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Milk is a great blessing of nature. It is a complete food from the few months baby to the elder person. It provides the entire elements needed by a body for its development and growth such as protein‚ water‚ carbohydrates‚ minerals‚ fat and vitamins. It not only provides power but also enhances immunity to fight against many different types of pathogens. It is necessary for the growth of bones and for the blood clotting. It fulfills body’s calcium requirement. 100g of cow’s milk contains 3.9g fat
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The purpose of the experiment was to determine which macronutrient‚ nitrogen or phosphorous‚ had a greater influence on cultural eutrophication. It was hypothesized that nitrogen would cause a greater algal growth rate due to its higher abundance required in plant growth. Nitrogen and phosphorous were tested separately‚ where the concentration of each was increased while the other remained constant. The results showed a positive increase in algal growth rate in the phosphorous samples and a negative
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------------------------------------------------- Liquid–liquid extraction From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Liquid–liquid extraction also known as solvent extraction and partitioning‚ is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids‚ usually water and an organic solvent. It is an extraction of a substance from one liquid into another liquid phase. Liquid–liquid extraction is a basic technique in chemical laboratories‚ where it is performed
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OxidatiOn and ReductiOn OxidatiOn & ReductiOn 9.2 9 Introduction to oxidation and reduction Redox equations Some common oxidising agents and reducing agents (EXT) 9.3 Reactivity 9.4 Voltaic cells 19.1 Standard electrode potentials (AHL) 9.5 Electrolytic cells 19.2 cORe 9.1 Electrolysis (AHL) TOK Are oxidation numbers real? I remember contemplating on the nature of reality back in Chapters 2 and 4‚ with regard to electrons and hybridization respectively
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Revision checklist for IGCSE Chemistry 0620 A guide for Students Revision checklist for IGCSE Chemistry 0620 A guide for students How to use this guide The guide describes what you need to know about your IGSCE Chemistry examination. It will help you to plan your revision programme for the theory examinations and will explain what the examiners are looking for in the answers you write. It can also be used to help you to revise by using tick boxes in Section 3‚ ‘What you need to know’‚ to check
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Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2012 International GCSE Chemistry (4CH0) Paper 1C Science Double Award (4SC0) Paper 1C Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 Certificate Chemistry (KCH0) Paper 1C Science (Double Award) (KSC0) Paper 1C Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications come from Pearson‚ the world’s leading learning company. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic‚ vocational‚ occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information‚
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between the late 4th century BC and the early 5th century BC (Zhou dynasty). The process was created by melting pig iron. The blast furnace was used for smelting iron ore and coke (a high carbon fuel)‚ charcoal or anthracite (a type of coal). Limestone was used as a flux. Sand was used to create the castings. Innovators used this process to create tools‚ wheels‚ weapons and machinery. The iron plow‚ swords‚ spears and knives were developed around the 6th century BC (Han dynasty). Paper making
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education *4308315385* CHEMISTRY Paper 2 Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number‚ candidate number and name in the spaces at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may need to use a pencil for any diagrams‚ graphs or rough working. Do not use staples‚ paper clips‚ highlighters‚ glue or correction
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