left the molten iron and the slag. The top of the furnace is filled up with the iron ore‚ coke (made by heating coal) and limestone. The coke‚ iron ore and limestone are dropped down as a blast of hot air from the furnace is sent up. This makes the coke burn. This gives the following chemical equation: C + O2 CO2. While this chemical reaction is taking place‚ the limestone is being decomposed in a highly exothermic reaction. Exothermic is a chemical change that is accompanied by a liberation of
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period. About 600 BCE‚ inspired by the theory and practice of earlier Egyptian stone masons and builders‚ the Greeks set about replacing the wooden structures of their public buildings with stone structures - a process known as ’PETRIFICATION’. Limestone and marble was employed for columns and walls‚ while terracotta was used for roof tiles and ornaments. Decoration was done in metal‚ like bronze. Like painters and sculptors‚ Greek architects enjoyed none of the enhanced status accorded to their
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The first object at the Museum of Fine Arts‚ Boston is the Seated Bodhisattva. It is a Bodhisattva‚ a future Buddha who remains on Earth to help others reach enlightenment‚ depicted in carved limestone. It is from the Eastern Wei‚ made around 530 C.E. The artist is unknown‚ and the piece was excavated from the White Horse Monastery in Loyang‚ Henan province‚ China. The second object is the Guanyin‚ Bodhisattva of Compassion. It is also a Bodhisattva‚ but instead depicted in wood‚ specifically paulownia
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that have been compacted into rock. Examples are coal‚ limestone‚ and chalk. The finial type of sedimentary rock is chemical rock. These rocks are formed when particles that have been dissolved in a solution become separate from the solution again and then harden into rock. Some examples of these rocks are rock salt and calcite. Sedimentary rocks have many uses in our society. Coal is burned to act as fuel to power furnaces in houses. Limestone is a used in building. Sandstone is also a common building
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happens when chemicals‚ such as acid in rain water‚ gradually dissolve and eat away at rocks. For example‚ limestone rock dissolved by rain water is responsible for many caves and gorges in New Zealand‚ including the Waitomo caves. The picture on the right is a picture of a cave in the Castle Hill basin‚ Canterbury‚ which has been formed by rain water dissolving limestone. This causes the limestone to wear away and create a new shape. Physical weathering makes rocks break apart in sheets‚ blocks or grains
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1.) Explain why the following substances are added to soil by gardeners and farmers. a.) Lime CaO It increases the pH of soil.Soil that is too acidic presents two different problems for crops. First‚ the amount of necessary minerals in the soil such as potassium and calcium decreases. Second‚ aluminum and manganese levels increase to potentially toxic levels below a pH of roughly 5.5.Calcium oxide‚ addresses the problem. It reacts in water to release calcium ions and hydroxide ions‚ which raise
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• cause damage to certain building materials and historical monuments • cause weathering on ancient and valuable statues and has caused considerable damage • sulfuric acid in the rain chemically reacts with the calcium compounds in the stones (limestone‚ sandstone‚ marble and granite) to create gypsum‚ which then flakes off • commonly seen on old gravestones where the acid rain can cause the inscription to become completely illegible • causes an increased rate of oxidation for iron • Visibility
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abundant minerals on the Earth. More than 4% of the Earth’s crust is composed of calcium carbonate. It is a major component in limestone‚ marble‚ seashells‚ bedrock‚ etc. Limestone and marble have been among the most widely used building materials for more than 5 000 years‚ from the pyramids in Egypt to the Parthenon in Greece and the Taj Mahal in India. In many places‚ limestone is also the foundation of our Earth—literally‚ since it is forms both bedrock and mountain ranges. Calcium carbonate dissolves
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are formed by igneous or sedimentary rocks Granite is a: intrusive igneous rock Limestone is a layered sedimentary rock Shale: ? Sedimentary rocks can be layered with sandstone‚ limestone‚ and shale: The oldest are on the bottom When exposed to heat and pressure‚ rocks become metamorphic Cortsite is a metamorphic form of sandstone Slate is the metamorphic form of shale Marble is the metamorphic form of limestone Pummus comes from volcanic eruptions Coal is a sedimentary rock How do layers
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Pyramids. The Egyptians were far ahead of their time. They were able to drag hundreds‚ if not thousands‚ of several ton limestone blocks all on the backs of men. They figured out how to roll logs underneath the limestone blocks so they would move better. They learned that if a rectangular wooden structure had too much weight on top‚ the walls would cave. So‚ they used limestone‚ and they made the base of the structure thicker than the top. They knew how to make things work through trial and error
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