getting a C is the “mark of Cain.” Why is that? A professor from Duke University and a visiting scholar to Stanford University‚ Stuart Rojstaczer‚ asked that same question. After doing his own research‚ he wrote the article “Where All Grades Are Above Average” which analyzes the phenomena that is commonly known as grade inflation in several universities and colleges. Rojstaczer explains‚ “the previous signs of academic disaster‚ D and F‚ went by the wayside in the Vietnam era‚ when flunking out meant becoming
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The financial ratios are: Liquidity Ratio- The firms ability to satisfy the short term obligations. (Gitman‚ 2007) Activity ratio- That measure the speed with which various accounts are converted into sales or cash‚ inflows or outflows. (Gitman‚ 2007) Debt ratio- That measures the proportion of total assets financed by the firms creditors. (Gitman‚ 2007) Profitability ratio- measures enable the analyst to evaluate the firms profits with respect to a given level of sales a certain level of assets
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within and between countries. National income data can be used to make cross-country comparisons. This requires * Converting GDP data into a common currency (normally the dollar or the Euro) * Making an adjustment to reflect differences in the average cost of goods and services in each country to produce data expressed at a ‘purchasing power parity’ standardLimitations of national income and standard of living.Problems in using national income statistics to measure living standards GDP data on
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Introduction of Apollo food holdings berhad The Apollo Food Industry Company which is manufacturing compound chocolate confectionery products and layer cakes based in Malaysia. Apollo’s product mainly divided into two main categories. They are Chocolate Wafer products and Layer cake‚ Chocolate Layer Cake and Swiss roll products. Apollo Company is the leading company in Malaysia which produce layer cakes and chocolate confectionery products. These cakes are exported very highly to Singapore‚ Indonesia
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group PLC year end 28th February 2011. Contents Introduction 3 Kingfisher PLC 3 Home Retail Group 3 Analysis 4 Profitability Ratios 4 Liquidity Ratios 5 Gearing Ratios 5 Investment Ratios 6 Performance Factors 6 Kingfisher PLC 7 Home Retail Group 7 Appendix 8 Profitability Ratios 8 Liquidity Ratios 9 Gearing Ratios 9 Investment Ratios 10 Bibliography 11 Introduction The aims and objectives of this report are to compare the two companies‚ Kingfisher Plc. and
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Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios measure two aspects of a corporation’s profits: (1) those elements of operations that contribute to profit and (2) the relationship of profit to total investment and investment by stockholders. The first group of profitability ratios [gross profit (or gross margin) percentage‚ operating margin percentage‚ and net profit margin percentage] expresses income statement elements as percentages of net sales. The second group of profitability ratios (return on assets
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influences on a firm’s strategic actions and is based on the following four assumptions: The external Environment The general‚ industry‚ and competitive environments impose pressures and constraints on firms and determines strategies that will result in superior returns. (External Environment à Organization) Most firms competing in an industry or an industry segment control similar sets of strategically-relevant resources and thus pursue similar strategies. Resources used to implement
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PROFITABILITY RATIOS One of the most important measures of a company’s success is its profitability. However‚ individual figures shown in the income statement/profit and loss account for gross profit and net profit mean very little by themselves. When these profit figures are expressed as a percentage of sales‚ they are more useful. This percentage can then be compared with those of previous years‚ or with the percentages of other similar companies. Changes in the gross profit percentage ratio can be
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Ratio Analysis Memo Profitability: Asset turnover and Profit Margin What do the profitability ratios reveal about the financial position of the company? Which users may be interested in each type of ratio? What does the collected data reveal about the performance and position of the company? The profitability ratios measure a company’s operating success for a specific period of time. Most investors and bankers are going to be interested in the profitability of a company. The data for asset
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Ratio Analysis Formulas 1) Financial ratios S.no | Ratio | Formula | Ideal ratio | comments | 1 | Current ratio | Current assetsCurrent liabilities | 2:1/1.33:1 | Indicates firm’s commitment to meet financial obligations.Avery heavy ratio is not desirable as it indicates less efficient use of funds | 2 | Quick ratio | Quick assetsCurrent liabilities | 1:1 | This ratio also indicates short term solvency of a firm | 3 | Debt –Equity ratios | long term debtequity | 1:2 | Indicates long
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