INTRODUCTION Defining and measuring the standard of living The standard of living is a measure of the material welfare of the inhabitants of a country. The baseline measure of the standard of living is real national output per head of population or real GDP per capita. This is the value of national output divided by the resident population. Other things being equal‚ a sustained increase in real GDP increases a nation’s standard of living providing that output rises faster than the total population
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Although national income is a convenient way for measuring the standard of living between countries‚ it still has its limitations. Firstly‚ as national income statistics are calculated from millions of different returns to the government‚ inevitably mistakes are made. For example‚ returns may be inaccurate or simply not completed. This makes the data incorrect‚ hence hindering people to analyze the living standard of a country accurately. Secondly‚ National income does not record the output
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Importance of National Income Statistics There are several important uses of national income statistics and‚ therefore‚ there is great need for their regular preparation. National income estimates provide not only a single figure showing the national income‚ but also supply the detailed figures in regard to the various components of the national income. It is both the figure of national income and the details regarding its various constituents that throw light on the functioning and performance
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of national income …………………………………………………3 1.2. Overview of issues of National income in the world………………………………………3 SECTION 2……………………………………………………………………………………5 2.1. Definition of national income ………………………..........................................................5 2.2. Factors that determine national income…………………………………………………...6 2.3. Methods to measure national income………………………………………………………6 2.4. Treatment of national income from abroad………………………………………………...8 2.5. Uses of national income statistics
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NATIONAL INCOME Definition: According to Alfred Marshall‚ National Income is the labour and Capital of a country‚ acting on its natural resources‚ produced annually a certain net aggregate of commodities and in materials including services of all kinds. This is the net annual income or revenue of the country or the true national dividend. According to A.C.Pigou “ The national income dividend is that part of the objective income of the community‚ including‚ the income derived from aboard
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In my opinion‚ national income is a good indicator to measure the standard of living. The gross domestic product (GDP) or gross domestic income (GDI) is one of the measures of national income and input for a given country’s economy GDP is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. GDP is the best single measure of the economic well-being of a society. GDP per person tells us the income and expenditure of the average person in the economy
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National income is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced in a country over a given period‚ usually a year. Simply‚ it is the total amount of income earned by the citizens of a nation. The term national income normally refers to the Gross National Product (GNP) of a country in a given year. GNP is a measure of the total market value of final goods and services produced by all the citizens of a nation in a year. There are three main approaches to measuring National Income
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‘‘WITH THE REFERENCE TO THE UK AND A COUNTRY OF YOUR CHOICE‚ DISCUSS THE LIMITATIONS OF ‘GDP PER CAPITA’ AS A BASIS FOR COMPARING LIVING STANDARDS BETWEEN COUNTRIES AND OVER TIME’’ • INTRODUCTION From the late ‘40s a lot of countries started to develop very quickly‚ despite the wars. Every country realised its strong points of growing economically‚ and this was their resources. Some countries have more land‚ some countries have more water‚ some have more oil and some have more gold. Knowing
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National income‚ by itself‚ doesn’t tell us very much about the standard of living in a country. The national income of India exceeds that of Canada but no on would claim that India was a better place to live for the typical member of the population. India’s is higher simply because the population is 1.2 billion‚ there is enormous public-sector spending and high inward investment because of high interest rates and so on. What is more important is national income per head of the population.
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National Income Determination Introduction • A key objective of Macroeconomics is to explain GDP growth and its fluctuations • Therefore‚ need to understand the forces that determine GDP (“National Income”) • John Maynard Keynes in his “General Theory of Employment‚ Interest and Money” (1936) developed a model of income determination • Known as Keynesian Theory of Income Determination • Aggregate spending / demand determines the level of aggregate output Concepts and Functions Actual
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