ABSTRACT: The electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction is the attack of a benzene ring on an electrophilic species resulting in the substitution of a proton with a functional group. The electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction nitration is used to nitrate methyl benzoate and acetanilide with a nitronium ion. Crystallization was used to purify the product. The melting point was used to determine its purity and the regiochemistry of the products. The methyl benzoate reaction product‚ methyl
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1/14/2013 Principles of General Chemistry‚ 2nd ed. By M. Silberberg Chemistry‚ 8th ed. by W. Whitten‚ R. Davis‚ R.‚ M. L. Peck‚ and G. Stanley. Chemical Thermodynamics: Heat and Thermochemistry Thermodynamics & Thermochemistry Thermodynamics is the study of heat and its transformations to and from other forms of energy Thermochemistry is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the heat involved with chemical and physical changes Objectives 1. Define thermodynamics & thermochemistry 2. Define
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middle of a sheet of paper and label the left side of the paper “R” for reactants and the right side “P” for products. R P To represent molecules that are reactants‚ you will place candies on the reactant side of the paper; products will be candies on the product side of the paper. Reactions will be represented by moving a candy from one side of the paper to the other. Part I 1. Start with 40 candies on the reactant side of the paper and zero candies on the product side. 2. Each round
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AP Chemistry Final Exam Review ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 1) Explain the difference between a qualitative and a quantitative measurement. Provide examples to illustrate this difference. Answer: A qualitative measurement is a measurement that gives descriptive‚ nonnumeric results; a quantitative measurement is a measurement that gives definite‚ usually numeric results. "The rock is heavy" would be a qualitative measurement. "The rock weighs 110
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chemical reaction. Write balanced molecular‚ complete ionic‚ and net ionic equations. Na2CO3(aq) + HCl(aq) ? Chapter 8 2.00 g of ammonia (NH3) are combined with 5.00 g of molecular oxygen to produce nitrogen monoxide and water vapor. Find the limiting reactant and theoretical yield for this reaction. If 2.50 g of NO are collected‚ what is the percent yield for this
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Lab 1: Alkene Addition: Bromination of (E)-stilbene I. Introduction: 1. The purpose of the experiment was to perform an electrophilic addition reaction by using pyridinium tribromide to brominate (E)-stilbene and to identify whether it formed the meso- or racemic product through melting point analysis. 2. This is the mechanism for the bromination of (E)-stilbene. However‚ this is the mechanism for Br2 and in class we us Pyridinium Tribromide instead due to the difficulties associated
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Hwa Chong Institution (High School) Secondary 4 End of Year Examinations Chemistry Revision Notes List of topics: 1. Atomic Structure 2. Separation Techniques 3. Chemical Bonds and Bonding (Ionic‚ Covalent) 4. Metals 5. Properties and structures of compounds 6. Qualitative Analysis 7. Acids‚ Bases and Salts 8. Chemical Periodicity 9. Chemical Calculations 10. Air and Environment 11. Electrochemistry (Including Redox reactions) 12. Thermochemistry 13. Rates of Reaction 14. Chemical
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of the lab (Part I‚ Part II‚ and Part III). Part I Round Reactants Products 1 25 15 2 19 21 3 17 23 4 16 24 5 16 24 6 16 24 7 16 24 8 16 24 9 16 24 10 16 24 25+19+17+16(7)=173 15+21+23+24(7)=227 Product/Reactants==227/213=1.07 24:16=3:2:=1.5 Calculate the ratio of products to reactants for each part of the lab. Show the setup as well as the simplified ratio. Part II 40:40 Round Reactants Products 1 35 45 2 33 47 3 32 48 4 32 48 5 32
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Penny-Ante Equilibrium Introduction What is equilibrium? What happens to the amount of reactants and products when equilibrium is reached? What if more reactants or products are added to a system already at equilibrium? In this activity‚ pennies will be used as reactants and products in a reversible reaction to answer these questions and learn more about the fundamental nature of equilibrium. Concepts • Reversible reactions • Equilibrium • Equilibrium constant • LeChatelier’s principle Materials
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involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance‚ as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction. Reactant is a substance participating in a chemical reaction‚ especially a directly reacting substance present at the initiation of the reaction. A word equation is an equation where only the words of the products and reactants are given. It is used to describe chemical reactions using words. A skeletal equation is a chemical equation that is not balanced‚ with
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