firms. Therefore oligopolistic firms turn into a collusive oligopoly. A collusion is an agreement whether forma or informal between competitive parties to limit competition and raise prices. Oligopolies agree to take specific actions such as a change in price or other agreements in order to increase their profit. This however is legal in the UK and EU and since it mostly is an informal agreement‚ in other words no valid documents are included‚ it is almost impossible to prove such actions. B) Evaluate
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global peace and security reflects the weight of this criticism. Conversely‚ alternative implementations of R2P face their own limitations‚ in the case of the ICC being the nature of accountability‚ and in the case of political persuasion being the limits of ever-increasing resource demands. R2P can give rise to the use of force through ‘third pillar’ measures‚ however critics of have often called upon the possibilities for its perversion in justifying imperialist state behaviour. For instance‚ a
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Centrafarm BV tegen Sterling Drug Samenvatting Sterling Drug vennootschap naar het recht van de staat New York is ook in Nederland houder van het nationaal octrooi‚ betreffende de werkwijze voor de bereiding van een geneesmiddel onder de naam Acidum nalidixicum‚ bestemd voor de handeling van infecties van de urinewegen. De vennootschap Sterling-Winthrop heeft in Groot-Brittannië een dochteronderneming. Centrafarm heeft uit Engeland en Duitsland volgens de geoctrooieerde werkwijze zonder toestemming
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Climate Change Politics – Notes Kyoto Protocol – * December 1997 * Signed by 168 countries * First internationally legal binding target for the reduction of green house gas emissions * Target – cut green house gases by 12.5% based on the 1990 levels by 2012 * Emphasis on developed countries- developing nations‚ ie China and India – exempt from cuts * This protocol not enforced until 2005 * Largest undermining factor – USA failed to ratify the protocol * KEY as
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shooting spree at his local school. Until now‚ Finland has actively resisted plans for all European Union member states to limit gun ownership to persons aged 18 and over. Currently‚ the law stipulates that Finns may apply for a gun permit at age 15. However‚ Anne Holmlund‚ Finnish interior minister‚ told reporters today that "Finland has changed its position to the EU firearms directive." Holmlund told the press that the intention is now to raise the age for ownership to 18‚ and require those
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use of allowances generated in one jurisdiction for compliance in another; has the effect of equilibrating prices assuming full fungibility. Cap and trade is just this: a cap on total emissions and a system that allows trading to achieve that limit as costeffectively as possible (Figure 1). It creates a market and a price on emissions‚ where there typically was none before. This article surveys cap and trade for carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases more broadly: how it works in theory‚ how it
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house and took some papers. Plaintiff sued in trespass. The rule of law was upheld in the sense that the Court held that The Crown did not have the power to just decide to take an action for which there was not lawful proposition. This shows the limit of power the state has and how the Crown overcome the power of this
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1.What was the key issue that prompted the EU to take the Helms-Burton dispute to the WTO? The EU took the Helms-Burton dispute to the WTO because they felt that it violated international rules dealing with trade. The EU had a dispute with the U.S. regarding testing agriculture‚ trade‚ investments and biotechnology issues which was brought to the attention of the WTO. The EU was concerned about the effect of the North American Free Trade Agreement‚ proposed a Transatlantic Free Trade Agreement
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| 2012 | | | [ EU & INTERNATIONAL LAW ] | | The law-making system of the European Union Sources of law There are three main sources of European Union law. Primary law The primary law of European Union comes from founding treaties and subsequent amendments. This is the very basis of EU law and has direct impact on the lives of EU citizens. Primary laws are created by direct negotiations between governments of member states. Secondary law Secondary laws have roots
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type of product etc. Also‚ Germany follows EU law in organic coffee so harmful chemicals are not used. The EU has set strong-minded stages for same chemicals limitation that the world must follow and Germany has one of them. Other chemicals such as pesticides is one of the reasons that border authorities must look at the food to see if it is added over limit. If the product‚ includes more than allowed insecticides‚ then that country will be removed from the EU market.
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