Internal capital rationing Impositions of restrictions by a firm on the funds allocated for fresh investment is called internal capital rationing. This decision may be the result of a conservative policy pursued by a firm. Restriction may be imposed on divisional heads on the total amount that they can commit on new projects.Another internal restriction for capital budgeting decision may be imposed by a firm based on the need to generate a minimum rate of return. Under this criterion only projects
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Fail-safe Equipment Corporations today budget for the purchase of extra servers for the main servers for their organization. These extra servers are configured so that they will automatically take over functionality if the main servers stop processing services due to outside attacks or even hardware failures. Any event or transaction that occurs in the main server is continuously replicated to the hard-drive memory of the redundant servers. This replication allows for either server to take control
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What long-term investments should the firm undertake (capital budgeting) and how will investment and finance decisions affect the firm ’s value (valuation)? How can cash be raised for the required investments? This is known as the financing decision ’ (cost of capital‚ capital structure and leasing). How will the firm manage its day-to-day cash and financial affairs (short-term financing and net working capital)? The Capital Budgeting Mini Case presents a financial decision of acquiring
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silos‚ and gravity flow wagons‚ I believe that it is important for everyone needs to wear personal protective equipment. However‚ not everyone is educated about the importance of protective equipment. For example‚ in the video‚ “Grain Bin Entrapment…Seconds to Tragedy‚” four young men enter a grain bin‚ but did not wear any personal protective equipment (Falcon Multimedia‚ 2016). This equipment could have saved the lives of the two young men who died (Falcon Multimedia‚ 2016). A harness and lifeline
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Issues in Accounting Education Vol. 15‚ No. 2 May 2000 Budgeting and Performance Evaluation at the Berkshire Toy Company Dean Crawford and Eleanor G. Henry ABSTRACT: This case1 provides an opportunity to study budgets‚ budget variances‚ and performance evaluation at several levels. As a purely mechanical problem‚ the case asks for calculations of various price‚ efficiency‚ spending‚ and volume variances from a set of budgets and actual results. The case is also an interpretive exercise. After the
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The History of Swimming The sport of swimming has been recorded since prehistoric times; the earliest recording of swimming dates back to Stone Agepaintings from around 7‚000 years ago. Written references date from 2000 BC. Some of the earliest references to swimming include theGilgamesh‚ the Iliad‚ the Odyssey‚ the Bible‚ Beowulf‚ Quran and other sagas. In 1778‚ Nikolaus Wynmann‚ a German professor of languages‚ wrote the first swimming book‚ The Swimmer or A Dialogue on the Art of Swimming (Der
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FUNCTIONAL AND ACTIVITY-BASED BUDGETING Budget a financial plan of the resources needed to carry out tasks and meet financial goals. A quantitative expression of the goals the organization wishes to achieve and the cost of attaining these goals. Budgeting the act of preparing a budget. Budgetary control the use of budgets to control a firm’s activities. Master budget (planning budget/ budget plan) a summary of all phases of a company’s plans and goals for the future. Indicates the sales levels‚
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The Importance of Budgeting Budgeting‚ both as a form of planning and a decision-making tool‚ is vital to a company. It provides a detailed estimate of how the company expects to spend money in the following period. Budgeting helps firms to prepare themselves and make alterations‚ if needed‚ in order to achieve the desired results. Budgets allow firms to better utilize the financial resources available to them. Most companies create their budgets on an annual basis‚ aiming to obtain a more precise
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CHAPTER 10 CRITICISMS OF ABSORPTION COST SYSTEMS: INCENTIVE TO OVER-PRODUCE P 10-1: Solution to Federal Mixing (10 minutes) [Explaining absorption versus variable costing] Variable costing writes off to income all fixed manufacturing costs incurred during the year. Absorption costing prorates the fixed overheads between units in inventory and units sold based on machine hours. Absorption costing net income is higher than under variable costing by $1.2 million. This means that inventories
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CHAPTER 5 Merchandising Operations and the Multiple-Step Income Statement ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1. (a) Disagree. The steps in the accounting cycle are the same for both a merchandising company and a service company. (b) The measurement of income is conceptually the same. In both types of companies‚ net income (or loss) results from the matching of expenses with revenues. 2. The components of revenues and expenses differ as follows: | | Merchandising | | Service | RevenuesExpenses
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