to plan their work and work towards their plan‚ it also has both advantages as well shortcomings that can affect an organization’s progress. The main advantage of a budget is it compels management to think about the future‚ which is probably the most important feature of a budgetary planning and control system. By ensuring a budget is prepared‚ management is forced to look ahead. In addition‚ management‚ the strategic level as per say‚ is required to set out detailed plans for achieving the targets
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Budgets serve five main purposes; planning‚ facilitating communication and coordination‚ allocating resources‚ controlling profits and operations and evaluating performance and providing incentives. The budgeting process requires both technical and interpersonal leadership skills to achieve each of these purposes effectively. The director’s memo demonstrates several short comings in the budgeting process. The director instituted the “responsibility accounting system” as a means of evaluating performance
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and Expenditures of a USA Charity in one year. The pie charts show the amount of revenue and expenditures over a year of a children’s charity in the USA. Overall‚ it can be seen that donated food accounted for the majority of the income‚ while program services accounted for the most expenditure. Total revenue sources just exceeded outgoings. In detail‚ donated food provided most of the revenue for the charity‚ at 86%. Similarly‚ with regard to expenditures‚ one category‚ program services‚ accounted
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TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT | CONTINUOUS PROCESS IMPROVEMENT | | Process‚ The Juran Trilogy‚ Improvement Strategies The PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act)‚ Problem solving method‚ Kaizen and Six-Sigma | | JOHN KIRUGUMI :B211/003/0003/2012 | 3/1/2013 | | INTRODUCTION Processes: Quality is a never ending quest and Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) is a never ending effort to discover and eliminate the main causes of problems. It accomplishes this by using small-steps improvements
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about the two-stage procedure to assign overhead cots to products. Chuck questioned if the current cost-management system was providing the management with accurate data about product costs. In a traditional‚ volume-based product-costing system‚ only a single predetermine overhead rate is used. All manufacturing-overhead costs are combined into one cost pool‚ a grouping of individual indirect cost items‚ and they are applied to products on the basis of a single variable that costs over a given
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Union budget of India From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia The Union Budget of India‚ referred to as the Annual Financial Statement[1] in Article 112 of the Constitution of India‚ is the annual budget of the Republic of India‚ presented each year on the last working day of February by the Finance Minister of India in Parliament. The budget‚ which is presented by means of the Financial Bill and the Appropriation bill has to be passed by the House before it can come into effect on April 1‚ the start
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Gomez runs a small pottery firm. He hires one helper at $12‚000 per year‚ pays annual rent of $5‚000 for his shop‚ and spends $20‚000 per year on materials. He has $40‚000 of his own funds invested in equipment (pottery wheels‚ kilns‚ and so forth) that could earn him $4‚000 per year if alternatively invested. He has been offered $15‚000 per year to work as a potter for a competitor. He estimates his entrepreneurial talents are worth $3‚000 per year. Total annual revenue from pottery sales is $72
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Project managers must take cost estimates seriously if they want to complete software projects within budget constraints. After developing a good resource requirements list‚ project managers and their software development teams must develop several estimates of the costs for these resources. There are several different tools and techniques available for accomplishing good cost estimation. Software development project managers should prepare several types of cost estimates for most projects. Three
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department in a large company. Actual Costs Incurred Static Budget Activity level (in units) 200 220 Variable costs: Supplies $4‚050 $4‚906 Power $1‚690 $1‚892 Fixed costs: Administration $6‚240 $6‚200 Depreciation $6‚280 $6‚200 Required: Prepare a report that would be useful in assessing how well costs were controlled in this department. 2. Hempstead Corporation plans to manufacture 8‚000 units over the next month at the following costs: direct materials‚ $480‚000; direct labor
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and Mr. Chester held a conference meeting to discuss the findings in the cash budget has given the both of them feeling uneasy on specific details of the cash report budget. Mr. Wayne believes that the gross margin perhaps may shrink to 27.5 percent due to higher purchase price and concerned with the impact that this may have on borrowings. This a logical concern as gross margin shrinks amid higher purchasing prices/cost. As stated in Stewart (1987) pricing is a crucial but often misunderstood aspect
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