overall system of a particular language. In a broader sense‚ someone‟s idiolect includes their way of communicating; for example‚ their choice of utterances and the way they interpret the utterances made by others. In a narrower sense‚ an idiolect might entail features‚ either in speech or writing‚ which distinguish one individual from others‚ such as o voice quality ( the overall impression that a listener obtains of a speaker‟s voice or characteristics of a particular voice that enable the listener
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Culture and Language The power of language to reflect culture and influence thinking was first proposed by an American linguist and anthropologist‚ Edward Sapir (1884–1939)‚ and his student‚ Benjamin Whorf (1897–1941). The Sapir–Whorf hypothesis stated that the way we think and view the world is determined by our language (Anderson & Lightfoot‚ 2002; Crystal‚ 1987; Hayes‚ Ornstein‚ & Gage‚ 1987). Instances of cultural language differences are evidenced in that some languages have specific
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Applied linguistics is an umbrella term that covers a wide set of numerous areas of study connected by the focus on the language that is actually used. The emphasis in applied linguistics is on language users and the ways in which they use languages‚ contrary to theoretical linguistics which studies the language in the abstract not referring it to any particular context‚ or language‚ like Chomskyan generative grammar for example. Interestingly even among applied linguists there is a difference of
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argument discussing hard determinism which is stated
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STRUCTURALISM IN LINGUISTICS Introduction It is not my purpose here to give a historical treatment of linguistic ideas‚ nor it to distinguish and analyze the various approaches and schools of thought generally subsumed under the heading of Structuralism. Rather‚ I propose to look at the general features characterizing structuralism as seen and treated by structuralists and further to see how it has come to be viewed by Chomsky and other transformationalists. Structuralism in linguistics has come to
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Chapter 4: Linguistic Typology Chapter 4 Linguistic typology 4.1 Introduction Simply speaking‚ the study of universals is concerned with what human languages have in common‚ while the study of typology deals with ways in which languages differ from each other. This contrast‚ however‚ is not sharp. When languages differ from each other‚ the variation is not random‚ but subject to limitations. Linguistic typology is not only concerned with variation‚ but also with the limitations on the degree
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Contrastive Linguistics: Theories and Methods Volker Gast 1 Introduction: The subject matter of contrastive linguistics Narrowly defined‚ contrastive linguistics can be regarded as a branch of comparative linguistics that is concerned with pairs of languages which are ‘socio-culturally linked’. Two languages can be said to be socio-culturally linked when (i) they are used by a considerable number of bi- or multilingual speakers‚ and/or (ii) a substantial amount of ‘linguistic output’ (text‚ discourse)
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The field of linguistics both borrows from and lends its own theories and methods to other disciplines. Linguistic theories and methods are also used in other fields of study. These overlapping interests have led to the creation of several cross-disciplinary fields. I. sociolinguistics: Sociolinguistics is the study of patterns and variations in language within a society or community. In other words‚ it is the study of language in relation to social factors (e.g.‚ social class‚ region‚ age‚ sex
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Historical Linguistics Sound change based on Campbell (2004) Introduction: The sounds of languages tend to change overtime. The question‚ then‚ is what kinds of sound change take place? Kinds of sound change 1. Regular or sporadic 2. Conditioned or unconditioned 3. Phonemic or non-phonemic 1- Regular or sporadic In general ‘sound laws admit of no exceptions’. That is‚ a change will take place wherever the sound which undergoes the change is found in the environment that conditions
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SEMINAR ON LINGUISTICS AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACT AND MAXIMS OF CONVERSATION USED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN PIRATES OF THE CARRIBEAN: DEAD MAN’S CHEST MOVIE INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Language has a social function as a tool to make connection between human beings. Without language‚ it seems impossible for people to interact with others in their daily life because language can express people’s feeling‚ willing‚ and opinion
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