Question: What are the fundamentals in Linguistics? Explain each of them and illustrate with relevant examples. by Samuel T.T. Wee Linguistics is the science of language. All areas of language can be examined scientifically such as grammar‚ sounds‚ meaning‚ just to name a few. For the purposes of this essay‚ I shall limit the fundamentals of linguistics to the following: phonetics and phonology‚ pragmatics‚ semantics‚ discourse morphology and syntax. Phonetics and Phonology Pronunciation can be
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The opposition (in the linguistic sense) may be defined as a generalised correlation of lingual forms by means of which a certain function is expressed. The correlated elements (members) of the opposition must possess two types of features: common features and differential features. Common features serve as the basis of contrast‚ while differential features immediately express the function in question. The oppositional theory was originally formulated as a ; phonological theory. In various contextual
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GLOSSARY Academic style – also scientific style‚ a style of speech used in lectures‚ scientific discussions‚ conferences‚ etc Accent – 1) type of pronunciation‚ that is the way sounds‚ stress‚ rhythm and intonation are used in the given language community. 2) see stress. Accommodation - modifications of consonants under the influence of the neighbouring vowels and vice versa. Acoustic Phonetics – science which deals with the
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Memory 1. Discuss the process of memory. In particular‚ discuss The different types of memory and relate each one to a Personal experience. In psychology‚ memory is the process in which information is encoded‚ stored‚ and retrieved. Encoding allows information that is from the outside world to reach our senses in the forms of chemical and physical stimuli. In this first stage we must change the information so that we may put the memory into the encoding process. Storage is the second memory
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How does linguistic variation cue representations of a speaker’s social identity and‚ presumably‚ stereotypes about relevant social groups? Although studies have indicated that phonetic variation in speech may activate social stereotypes (Purnell‚ Idsardi & Baugh‚ 1999)‚ research on the mechanisms of this process has been scant. The term “stereotype” was introduced into the variations of sociolinguistic literature in Labov’s (1973) taxonomy of language forms charged with broad social meaning‚ reprised
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at the origins and types of determinism‚ its appearance in literature‚ relevance today and the controversy and
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Linguistic Battle of the Sexes “American men tend to talk more than women in public situations‚ they often talk less at home” (Tannen). Even though it sounds unreal‚ this is a large problem when it comes to communication between men and women‚ whether it is their cultures‚ or society‚ but they have different impressions of communication‚ which have been created since their childhood. Deborah Tannen‚ in her article “Sex‚ Lies and Conversation” compares the styles of conversations on both men and
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Department of English Language and Literature Semester 1‚ 2006/07 EL5221: The Linguistic Analysis of Literature Programme Lecturer: A/P Ismail S Talib Brief Module Description This interface module deals with some of the ways that linguistics and discourse analysis can be used for the analysis of literature. Among the topics covered are the grammatical features in literary texts‚ the sounds of poetry‚ and discourse situations in fictional narrative. This module will be useful for higher-degree students
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Definition: • Halliday defines a stylistician as someone who can comprehend literary texts through a comprehension of their language structures. literary texts language structures. • Basically‚ this means that Halliday defines stylistics as: “The linguistic analysis of literary texts.” What is involved in stylistic analysis? 1. A literary text is looked at as made of language 2. A literary text is seen to consist of patterns and properties which are part of language 3. Those patterns of language
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14. Historical (diachronic) linguistics 14.1. Reasons of language change All living languages are changing in the course of time. If the evolution of some language stops on some level and doesn’t develop anymore it will become the dead language (e.g. Sanskrit‚ Latin). There are lots of reasons of language change and their difference is in between linguistic levels. For example If we consider vocabulary‚ we will convince ourselves that new things‚ objects‚ activities‚ establishments‚ ideas and
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