held up by a chain of subunits called amino acids that are connected by peptide bonds. Protein structures are formed by four levels of folding. The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids. The secondary structure describes the folding of alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets. The tertiary structure represents the overall shape of the protein and the quaternary structure only occurs in a protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain. When the shape‚ the structure or the
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EXPERIMENT 1 DETERMINATION OF ASCORBIC ACID CONTENT IN VITAMIN C TABLETS INTRODUCTION To calculate the mass of the ascorbic acid and hence the mass percentage of ascorbic acid in the vitamin C tablet. PROCEDURES (Refer to Lab Manual) 1. Accurately weight vitamin C (effervescent type) in a 50 ml beaker. Add about 30 ml of deionised water to dissolve the vitamin C tablet. Once the tablet has dissolved completely‚ transfer the solution into a 250 ml volumetric flask via a plastic filter
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An Investigation into the Factors Affecting the Rate of the Reaction between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid A chemical reaction is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms are redistributed‚ resulting in a change in the molecular composition of substances. The reaction rate is how quickly a reaction occurs and this can be affected by four different factors: ¡¤ changing the surface area of any solids involved ¡¤ changing the concentration of reactants in solution ¡¤ changing the temperature
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4: Dissociation Constant Weak Acids Introduction: The dissociation constants of weak monoprotic acids were determined with the aid of a buffer and pH meter. Experiment: This experiment was performed according to the procedures as provided in the Chemistry 111B laboratory manual: Po‚ Henry and Senozan‚ N. "General Chemistry Experiments Chemistry 111B"‚ 8th Ed.‚ 2004 Hayden-McNeil Publishing‚ pp 80-88. To determine the dissociation constants of weak monoprotic acids (HX and HY)‚ a buffer was needed
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point of view” Serturner Isolated morphine Aristotle Attempted to separate superstitious belief from the fact in his writing on the animal kingdom Egyptian Ebers Papyrus Scheele Isolated citric acid Paracelsus Referred opium as “Stone of Imortality” A. Hoffman Discovered lysergic acid diethylamide: most active and most specific hallucinogen Review of Botany Pharmacobiotechnology: application of biotechnology to pharmaceuticals Taxonomic classification: classification that considers
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Carbonates react with strong acids to give off carbon dioxide and water. Marble is calcium carbonate and thus behaves in the same way: CaCO3 (s) + 2HCL (aq)  CaCL2 (aq) + H2O (l) +CO2 (g) In this experiment‚ I am going to see if temperature affects the reaction rate between marble chips and hydrochloric acid by timing the release of carbon dioxide in the reaction. I predict the higher the temperature‚ the faster the reaction rate. This is due to the kinetic theory. The more heat
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Home remedies for hair loss that actually work! Every day‚ you probably lose anywhere between 50 to 100 strands of hair which is perfectly normal‚ say dermatologists. It is when the hair loss exceeds this figure that we begin to notice thinning of hair or bald patches – a condition known as alopecia. Most people are likely to experience hair loss in their 30s because at this time‚ hormonal change‚ stress and an unhealthy diet take their toll. Besides trying to correct these factors‚ adopting a
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of Ions in Solutions Using Acid/Base Chemistry: A Quality Control Test Objective: This lab focuses on the detection of ions using titration as an analysis tool. You will standardize NaOH and HCl solutions so that you know the exact concentration and then prepare samples of common household items in order to determine the amount of calcium in Tang®‚ Mg(OH)2 in Milk of Magnesia‚ etc. You will learn to prepare samples of a specified concentration‚ learn about acids and bases through the use of
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Liquid Crystals from Coconut Oil Fatty Acids - Investigatory Project Liquid Crystals from Coconut Oil Fatty Acids Abstract Liquid crystals are fluids that are between the solid and conventional liquid phases. Liquid crystals are in widespread use‚ especially in optical technologies. They are synthesized by combining fatty acids with cholesterol. This study aims to utilize coconut oil as an alternative source of fatty acids for synthesizing liquid crystals since coconut is cheap and abundant
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Diffusion of Hydrochloric Acid into Different Sizes of Agar Blocks Aim: Investigating the relationship between the diffusion and the surface area to volume ratio‚ with agar and hydrochloric acid. Research Question: How does the difference in surface area to volume ratio affect the diffusion? Hypothesis: As the area to volume ratio increases‚ the time taken for a complete diffusion will also increase. Background Information: Agar is a jelly like substance and in this experiment‚ agar
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