A critical review of contemporary and popular reports within the ‘lay’ literature on the use of nutritional supplements for performance benefits. There is an endless list of ergogenic aids that claim to enhance sports performance that are religiously supplemented by amateur and professional athletes. Almost half of the general population have reported taking at least one form of dietary supplement‚ and the vast majority‚ if not all professional athletes use legal supplements‚ with a certain
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6 Questions HKALE 1990 Biology Paper II 5. (b) Discuss the importance of carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins and roughage in the human diet. (8 marks) Suggested Solution… HKALE 1993 Biology Paper II 6. Based upon its properties‚ discuss the role of water in the functioning of organisms . (20 marks) Suggested Solution… HKALE 1996 Biology Paper II 4. Describe the functions of lipids‚ proteins and nucleotides in living organisms. Illustrate your answer with examples and provide
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investigates the metabolic and physiological responses of the body to diet. With advances in the fields of molecular biology‚ biochemistry‚ nutritional immunology‚ molecular medicine and genetics‚ the study of nutrition is increasingly concerned with metabolism and metabolic pathways: the sequences of biochemical steps through which substances in living things change from one form to another. Carnivore and herbivore diets are contrasting‚ with basic nitrogen and carbon proportions being at varying levels
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constructed from amino acid monomers‚ are considered one of the four major macronutrients needed by the body‚ along with carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ and nucleic acids. Only the first three nutrients listed require delicate balancing. One must consider the sources from which he or she receives those required nutrients. Carbohydrates from fruits‚ vegetables‚ and grains; lipids from oily animals such as fish or plant foods like avocados; and proteins from meats‚ legumes‚ beans‚ or possibly dietary supplement
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Isolation and identification of an unknown bacterium Pillay‚ Esmerelda (209504371) School of Biochemistry‚ Genetics and Microbiology Department of Microbiology University of Kwa-zulu Natal 25 October 2010 ABSTRACT Different types of bacteria in various forms are found all around us‚ and it is a microbiologist’s job to be able to identify these bacteria. Using various staining techniques and physiological tests‚ an isolated bacterium can be identified. In this experiment‚ a single bacterial
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other physiological activities of ghrelin‚ including regulation of food intake and energy balance‚ as well as of lipid and glucose metabolism. From Mallory 2. Growth Hormone stimulates fat breakdown and prevents fat accumulation by preventing sugar uptake by fat cells. It also stimulates protein synthesis and prevents protein breakdown. This typically increases the body’s metabolism. 3. An anabolic process is one that requires energy‚ whereas a catabolic process is one that releases energy
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monosaccharaide called glucose! Disaccharides: Formed by two Monosaccharaides. EG table salt. Formed by one alpha glucose and on Fructofuranose. Polysaccharides: Formed by 3 or more Monosaccharaides. Mainly structural compounds. EG cellulose. Lipids: Primarily fats. Oily and greasy consistency. They repel water. Long-term energy storage. Store twice as much energy as carbohydrates. Secondary function is as structural components. Saturated Fatty Acids: Most number of hydrogen atoms bonded
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April 14‚ 2013 1) In the 1940s‚ some physicians prescribed low doses of a drug called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after a few patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. Explain how this can cause weight loss. In a coupled reaction‚ an exergonic reaction provides the energy needed to drive an endergonic reaction. People use the energy released by exergonic reactions
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information given and the presence of necrosis‚ fibrosis‚ and cirrhosis she is more than likely in stage IV. What organ is being attacked? Describe this organ’s role in carbohydrate‚ lipid (including triglyceride and cholesterol)‚ and protein metabolism. Her liver is being attacked. With carbohydrate metabolism sugars enter the liver from the small intestine via the hepatic portal vein. The liver maintains the blood glucose level at about 90 mg glucose per 100cm3 of blood. Initiated by insulin
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metabolic rate became an important part of the examination of bioenergetics and growth. The rate of metabolism of animals can be assessed by measuring a number of variables‚ including consumption of oxygen‚ production of carbon dioxide‚ and
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