microtubules (tubulin protein)‚ microfilaments (actin protein)‚ and intermediate filaments (keratin protein) Know the major structural differences between animal and plant cells. Lecture 10 Be able to describe the structure of biological membranes (lipid bilayers + membrane proteins). Be able to list the functions of membrane proteins (transport‚ surface for chemical reactions‚ hormone perception‚ cell-to-cell attachment‚ cell-cell recognition‚ attachment points of cytoskeleton and extracellular
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Enzymes are protein‚ they are used to catalyse metabolisms in all organisms. They break down complex molecules and build up complex molecules from simple molecules‚ these two processes are catabolic reaction and anabolic reaction respectively. Enzymes are needed in these two processes to catalyse releasing and taking up ATP molecules. Different sequence of amino acid produces different structure of protein‚ which determines the property of protein‚ thus each kind of enzymes has its unique active
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are commonly added to infant formula. Protein Protein needs are determined as grams per kilogram of body weight and change with infant growth and development. Table 6.4 provides protein recommendations for infants 0 to 12 months of age.16 Body metabolism is fueled by glucose‚ a major component of carbohydrates. Glucose is ready energy that infants use for growth‚ activity‚ and necessary bodily functions. When glucose is limited owing to infrequent feedings or other factors‚ a child’s growth is limited
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Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradation This document provides an in‐depth explanation‚ detailing the processes of aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation. It is intended for general audiences and will provide the reader with the necessary information to understand what is happening during the biodegradation process. For those interested in the biochemical processes of the microbial organisms this document will provide a high level explanation of the aerobic and anaerobic processes. Biodegradation
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macromolecules‚ most of the glucose is absorbed and is used to make energy‚ however‚ some glucose is converted to deoxyribose and ribose‚ these are essential for the building up of macromolecules such as DNA‚ RNA and ATP. Carbohydrates are also used for lipid metabolism. Nonetheless‚ despite of the fact that carbohydrates have many positive effects on the body it is argued whether or not carbohydrates are an essential nutrient. This essay will clarify the reason for why the body requires carbohydrates and why
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membrane’s jobs? It controls how substances can move in and out of the cell 4. What is the location of the cell membrane? along the outer edges of each and every cell‚ as it is the wall that contains the cell contents 5. The heads of phospholipids (lipids) are hydrophilic so they like to be with water. 6. The tails of phospholipids are hydrophobic . 7. Click on Phospholipids a. Draw a phospholipids and label the two parts. b. The heads of phospholipids are composed of what two things? Phosphate
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levels and glucose use are in fact increased‚ but hyperglycaemia that is not necessarily resolved by the use of exogenous insulin is present. This appears‚ to some extent‚ to be driven by an elevated glucagon to insulin ratio. To support hyper-metabolism and increased gluconeogenesis‚ fat is mobilized from adipose stores to provide energy (lipolysis) as the result of elevated levels of catecholamine along with concurrent decrease in insulin production. If hyper-metabolic patients are not fed during
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INTRO TO PHYSIOLOGY I. Physiology – the science (study) of body function a. Uses biochemistry‚ cell biology‚ genetics‚ chemistry and physics b. Can be applied to study the cell‚ organ‚ system‚ or organism (whole-body) II. Cell – smallest living unit c. Can individually carry out it’s own basic life processes d. Specialized functions make their working together important to whole body operation III. Major tissue types (tissue = group of similar functioning
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CHAPTER ONE ANATOMY - Studies the STRUCTURE of body and their relationships to one another. SUBDIVISIONS OF ANATOMY GROSS ANATOMY - the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye. Regional Anatomy - all structures in one part of the body are studied at the same time Systemic Anatomy - various systems of the body are studied. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY - examination of body tissue using a microscope. CYTOLOGY - study of the CELLS of the body. HISTOLOGY - study of the TISSUES
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Standard B-3: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the flow of energy within and between living systems. B-3.1 Summarize the overall process by which photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy and interpret the chemical equation for the process. Taxonomy Level: 2.4-B and 2.1-B Understand Conceptual Knowledge Key Concepts: Photosynthesis: light-dependent reactions‚ dark (light-independent) reactions Previous knowledge: In 6th grade (6-2.7)‚ students summarized the
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