molecules. The obvious states of matter are the solid‚ the fluid and the gaseous state. In the solid state‚ intermolecular forces keep the molecules close together at a fixed position and orientation‚ so the material remains in a definite shape. In the fluid state‚ the molecules are still packed closely together‚ but they are able to move around. Hence a fluid does not have a rigid shape‚ but adapts to the contours of the container that holds it. Like a liquid a gas has no fixed shape‚ but it has little
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This lab has introduced the use of daphnia‚ pill bugs‚ amoeba and Uglena. We the AP Biology students were first introduced to the test subjects to test his or her capability of handling living organisms for upcoming science experiments. The AP Biology students were asked to create original experiments for all test subjects testing reactions to gravity‚ light intensity and reaction to food. Daphnia‚ or Daphnia magna‚ are microscopic organisms in which the students created an original lab to test
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References: http://webs.mn.catholic.edu.au/physics/emery/measurement.htm#Measurement http://www.digipac.ca/chemical/sigfigs/experimental_errors.htm http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/rail/2011/r11v0057/r11v0057.pdf
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couple of key things about lab safety and procedure during this experiment. While working with the hot plates‚ I learned to pay a lot of attention to whether or not the hot plate was plugged in or turned on‚ as well as whether or not the wax was getting too hot. Measuring each substance into the cup was an important experience because it taught me to be deliberate and careful when measuring so as to not waste materials‚ making sure we did not have to start over. While this lab is a good starting point
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Chemistry 207 (Lab # 1) 9/11/12 Experiment #1: Cooperative Identification of an Organic Solid A. What needs to be done: In this lab‚ one will identify the identity of a colorless organic solid by experimentally finding the physical properties of the solid. Such properties include melting point‚ mixed melting point‚ and IR spectrum. With these properties‚ one will be able to compare their results of the organic solid to see if any other classmates have the same unknown sample. B. Timeline:
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the period of oscillations to the length of the pendulum.Sources of error for this procedure included precision in both length and time measurement tools‚ reaction time of the stopwatch holder‚ and the accuracy of the stopwatch with respect to the lab atomic clock. The final result of g takes into account the correction for the error introduced using the approximation. There are opportunities to correct for the effects of mass distribution‚ air buoyancy and damping‚ and string stretching[1]. Our results
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Roy Levin Bio 11 Lab Dr.Izquierdo Analysis of Macromolecules in Tissue Homogenates of Bos taurusMaterials and Methods The homogenates provided were made by homogenizing tissues in a sucrose phosphate buffer in a 1:20 ratio. The protein concentration in bovine cells was measured by diluting the homogenate with a 1:5 ratio; 50 microliters of homogenate and 200 microliters of water. Then 5 known protein concentration samples which were 0.4‚ 0.8‚ 1.2‚ 1.6‚ 2.0 mg/ml of bovine serum were used to
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EXPERIMENT I Photoreduction of Benzophenone Introduction The study of chemical reactions‚ isomerizations and physical behavior that may occur under the influence of visible and/or ultraviolet light is called Photochemistry. The fundamental principles for understanding photochemical transformations are that light must be absorbed by a compound in order for a photochemical reaction to take place‚ and that for each photon of light absorbed by a chemical system only one molecule is activated for
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Objectives: 1. To identify the relative densities of some common liquids and solids. 2. To determine the densities of water‚ an unknown liquid‚ a rubber stopper‚ and an unknown rectangular solid. 3. To determine the thickness of a piece of aluminum foil using the density concept. 4. To practice proficiency in performing the following experimental procedures: pippeting a liquid‚ weighing by difference‚ and determining a volume by displacement. Apparatus: Tall glass cylinder‚ glass marble‚ rubber
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Experiment #1: Determination of the Solid-Liquid Phase Diagram for Napthalene-Biphenyl Using Thermal Analysis Objective To apply thermal analysis to the two-component system‚ naphthalene-biphenyl at atmospheric temperature. The analysis will be represented by a solid-liquid phase diagram (freezing point diagram). Theoretical Principles Phase Equilibria and the Gibbs Phase Rule This experiment is conducted in order to study a condensed system (solid-liquid) at constant temperature (atmospheric
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