Carbon is denoted by the symbol C‚ is part of group 14 on the periodic table‚ and is the fourth most abundant element in the universe (by mass). Carbon has an electron configuration of 1s2‚ 2s2‚ 2p2. With 4 valance shell electrons it is expected to form 4 bonds‚ this means carbon is tetravalent. However the s orbitals do not form the same type of bond (with other atoms) as the p orbitals‚ this is because their shapes are different. For example CH4 would have the following bonds: C(s)-H(s)‚ C(s)-H(s)
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Introduction Extraction involves dissolving a compound or compounds either from a solid into a solvent or from a solution into another solvent. Extraction is a method used to purify a substance by removing the impurities that was added to it. A solvent- solvent extraction is a type of extraction that is most commonly done by using two substances that are typically insoluble with each other. An acid-base extraction is a solvent-solvent extraction‚ in almost every case one of the solvents is water
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Practical 3 Title: Effect of dissolved Carbon Dioxide on the pH of Water Aim: To investigate the effect of dissolved carbon dioxide on the pH of water. Hypothesis: The dissolved carbon dioxide will cause the water to turn acid‚ lowering the pH when carbon dioxide dissolves in water in which it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3). Materials: Straws‚ distilled water‚ safety glasses‚ pH probe‚ computer‚ universal indicator‚ gloves‚ lab coats‚ measuring cylinder‚ data logger‚ printer
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The Environmental Impact of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)‚ a chemical made up of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms‚ is a non-flammable‚ odorless and colorless gas that exists naturally in the atmosphere. CO2 is one of the greenhouse gases‚ amongst methane‚ nitrous oxide and other gases‚ which keeps the Earth’s temperature habitable (UCAR). Without it‚ the Earth will be inhospitably cold. However‚ ever since the mid-nineteenths century‚ humans have significantly increased the amount
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the problem. Another problem that has developed due to fracking is pollution around the dig sites. Emissions associated with combustion include nitrogen oxides‚ sulfur oxide‚ carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Another emission problem is the emission produced from the natural gas. Gasses such as methane‚ ethane and liquid condensate and volatile organic compounds (VOC). VOC’s have been proven to cause birth defects‚ neurological problems‚ and cancer. Most recently‚ in March of 2012‚ officials in
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Deforestation The “Slashing and burning” of rainforests has to stop. The deforestation of our rainforests is effecting our environment and us more than you may think. We get the oxygen we need from trees‚ forests protect us from Carbon Dioxide‚ and forests protect most of Earth’s plants and animals. We need trees to breathe and rainforests to protect us from harsh things that we emit from our bodies. Many rainforests help and protect us. “More than 20% of the world’s oxygen comes from the Amazon”
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nucleus of the cell‚ and that is an extraction buffer would be needed to acquire the DNA. This experiment had no control group‚ however‚ if there was a control group it might be a group with no extraction buffer. The independent variable in this experiment is the extraction buffer. The dependent variable in this experiment is the ability to extract DNA. The constants in this experiment include‚ the shape and size of the coffee filter‚ the amount of extraction buffer used‚ and the amount of isopropyl
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activities at night. Although the process of photosynthesis is quite fast‚ it isn’t fast or high enough to keep up with the rate of energy required during activities for human. Adding to that‚ an important component in photosynthesis is carbon dioxide‚ without carbon dioxide‚ photosynthesis can’t occur. If we were to perform photosynthesis‚ from where are going to get
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making it unfit for survival of aquatic life and drinking purposes. The material used for idols like Plaster of Paris (POP) is mainly the compound of gypsum‚ sulphur‚ phosphorus and magnesium. Chemical paints comprise of mercury‚ cadmium‚ lead and carbon. Immersion of idols with such poisonous and toxic elements raises the level of acidity‚ solid matter‚ organic matter and heavy metals in water bodies. These materials don’t dissolve readily and lowers the oxygen level in water adversely affecting
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LABORATORY PROJECT TITLE: SOLID LIQUID EXTRACTION OF GANODERMA LUCIDUM NAME: WIJETUNGE MUDALIGE DINITHI ISHARA WIJETUNGE ID NO: 007118 SUPERVISOR: DR SIVAKUMAR MANICKAM GROUP MEMBERS: KOW NIEN WEI AAZRA OUMAYYAH PANKAN JASON HEW YIP SENG DATE: 30 APRIL 2012 H83 CEL Chemical Engineering Laboratory Solid Liquid Extraction of Ganoderma Lucidum Author: W.M.Dinithi Ishara Wijetunge I certify that: (i) Apart from the experimental results reported in the lab notebook which are the joint
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