(well defined shape and volume) • liquid (only well defined volume) • gas (no defined shape or volume) • plasma (an overall neutral collection of charged and neutral particles) • Solids • crystalline (atoms form a regular periodic structure) • amorphous (atoms have irregular spatial distribution) • Solids • metals (good electrical/heat conductors) • semiconductors • insulators (poor electrical/heat conductors) Bonding in solids: Ionic solids Ionic solid crystals (e.g. NaCl) are held together by
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Experiment 5 Analysis of Analgesic Tablet by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Abstract An unknown sample‚ 529‚ was tested using high performance liquid chromatography to detect the concentrations of acetaminophen‚ aspirin‚ and caffeine respectively. There was found to be 4.03±0.144mg/100mL of acetaminophen‚ 11.5±0.185mg/100mL of aspirin‚ and 4.89±0.185mg/100mL of caffeine. Based on accepted values‚ the maximum daily amounts of each compound are 4000mg of acetaminophen
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is‚ and more importantly‚ how it affects the properties of plastics. Most people are familiar with crystals only because of salt and perhaps growing crystals as part of a school science project. Therefore‚ talking about crystals and plastics together is a new concept to many people. In reality‚ polymers are not like salt‚ which is totally crystalline‚ but are semi-crystalline. Unlike crystals like salt‚ polymers have only short-range order and a much looser organization. Crystallinity is one
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How to Grow Alum Crystals Background Information A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material‚ whose constituent atoms‚ molecules‚ or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. The scientific study of crystals and crystal formation is crystallography. The process of crystal formation via mechanisms of crystal growth is called crystallization or solidification. Potassium alum (Aluminum Potassium Sulfate) is the white crystalline natural
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1. Introduction The purpose of my project is to demonstrate how water temperature affects the dissolving of sugar in liquid. Everything in our universe is made up of particles which are in constant motion. In a solid state particles move the slowest while in a liquid state particles move the fastest. Under the right conditions‚ solid particles (the solute) when mixed in liquid (the solvent) can form a solution. This occurrence is called dissolving. I wanted to answer the question; does the temperature
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(drinking) water. In order to evaluate this effectiveness‚ the yield and purity of only the ice product is investigated before and after a number of wash cycles. A 1000g solution of 5 wt% CuSO4 underwent crystallization for one hour with the use of ice crystal seeding and the agitation of a stirrer at 500rpm. After the crystallization process‚ the mass of the ice product and filtrate were recorded. The ice product was then washed with de-ionised water under Buchner vacuum filtration‚ before the masses
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substance to dissolve in a liquid‚ is an important physical property of a substance. An effective recrystallization is highly dependent on differences in solubility at different temperatures. "Most‚ but not all‚ substance are more soluble at higher temperatures". 1 Crystallization is a delicate procedure that involves the slow formation of a crystalline solid. Rapid formation of an amorphorous solid is called precipitation‚ which can contain many impurities. "The purest crystals are obtained when crystallization
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Optical Properties of Quasicrystals: Negative Refraction Quasicrystals‚ or crystals that display the unusual property of non-periodicity (while remaining ordered)‚ were discovered in the 1980s by Dan Shechtman. A highly controversial topic‚ Shechtman did not produce a paper describing them for over two years after their discovery. However‚ within the past 30 years‚ the scientific community has come to accept them‚ reproduce them for study‚ and even award Dan Shechtman with a Nobel Prize for their
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reactions are often contaminated with impurities. One method for purifying chemicals‚ recrystallization‚ takes advantage of the differences in the solubilities of the desired products and the impurities and the tendency for the slow formation of crystals to exclude impurities from the crystalline solid. HC HC HC CH C CH MgBr + CO2 + HCl HC HC HC CH C CH CO2H ClMgBr Benzoic acid‚ the chemical that we will be purifying‚ can be made by reacting phenylmagnesium bromide with carbon dioxide. When the
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Because chemists always want to get the chemicals they get as pure as possible. And a good way to purify chemicals is to make crystals of them. When they are in solutions you can have all sort of impunities but when they form crystals the crystals contain much purer compounds than in the solution and the impurities are left in the solution. generally the crystal is a very precise arrangement of molecules all the same fitting together like pieces and some sort of construction toy ‚the impurity
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