Smart System or Structure What is a Smart Structure? A smart structure is a system containing multifunctional parts that can perform sensing‚ control‚ and actuation; it is a primitive analogue of a biological body. Smart materials are used to construct these smart structures which can perform both sensing and actuation functions. If truly smart‚ these intelligent systems can determine their present state‚ decide what is the optimum or more desirable state and carry out an appropriate
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Purpose: The purpose of our experiment was to determine the amount of water in copper sulfate pentahydrate expressed as a percent. Hypothesis: I think that bluestone crystals are 20% water‚ because it’s called pentahydrate (penta means five) and 1/5 of 100 (since it’s expressed as a percent) is 20‚ so I think bluestone crystals are 20% water. Procedure: The following list includes the materials and supplies we used in the experiment: 1) Crucible and Lid 2) Tongs 3) Alcohol Burner
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made using the 40-pin AT89C52 microcontroller. This propeller display is mechanically scanned and displays the characters in digital format. Made from scrape it can be used anywhere and everywhere and the most amazing fact about the display is its crystal clear display. This display consists of just 23 bright LED’s which are rotated to show the display. For building the project‚ requirement 40 pin microcontroller and LED’s. this display can show the message‚ which will require a whopping 1504 LED’s
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empty spaces into the middle of these hexagons‚ the ice takes up more space than the same amount of liquid water. The net result is approximately 9% more volume. The disadvantages of this peculiar property are many. For example‚ if a container holding water is made of something rigid‚ like metal or glass‚ will most likely break or crack. This is why pipes can be broken during the winter. If some liquid water gets into a small crack in asphalt‚ concrete‚ or brick‚ the crack will be pushed apart and
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understand the dynamics of physical and chemical changes better. Over the course of this project we will be watching the rock candy form and change from the sugar water to the solid crystal. When we make the rock candy we will watch it day by day to see the formation and it will also help with understanding of bonds. When the crystals form it is because of ionic bonds. When we make the rock candy we will have to use materials and time. To make rock candy you need a jar‚ skewers‚ sugar and water. We will
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this to his famous DNA structure research. It is so valued because it allows the structure of a crystalline material can be determined‚ based on the diffraction of x-rays due to electron density within the crystal. The mystery of the arrangement of atoms can be solved when the electrons in the crystal‚ which has a particular‚ repeating arrangement of atoms‚ scatter a beam of x-rays. It can be applied to study many crystalline materials‚ from ionic molecules to biomolecules. The technique can also be
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dissolved in a solvent in a heated water bath. The solution was cooled slowly in an ice bath as crystals form out. As the compound crystallizes from the solution‚ the limiting reagent Aniline and the percent yield of 96% was obtained. Introduction: This experiment involves four functional groups common in organic chemistry. The substrate (reactants) which are Aniline and Acetic anhydride are both liquids and one of the products is solid (Acetanilide). The reaction of aniline with acetic anhydride
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Wood frog-protects its organs by freezing solid. Ice wine-frozen grapes-the shrunken nature of the grapes is due to water loss-the less water in grapes‚ the fewer ice crystals there are to damage the delicate membranes of the fruit. Sugar is a natural antifreeze- this is probably why people developed diabetes during ice age (younger dryas) and people nowadays are more frequently diagnosed with diabetes from November to Freburary‚ when it is colder. Natural selection survival rule-LOSE THE FINGER
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Pre Lab 1a. Hydrated compound: ionic compound which contain water molecules inside their crystal lattice. The water is not chemically bonded to the crystal in any way and can be extracted by heating the compound. 1b. Anhydrous compound: a compound without water. 2a. The dot means that there are water molecules present in the crystal lattice in a specific ratio. 2b. For every mole of copper sulfate‚ there are five moles of water. 2c. The molar mass of copper (II) sulfate is 159.61 grams/mol
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another hydrate sodium thiosulfate pellet in its liquid form. This allows the students to observe the process of crystallization. Throughout the experiment‚ the students are asked to melt the hydrate sodium thiosulfate into liquid form‚ having no definite shape but a definite volume. Hydrate sodium thiosulfate melting point is 48.3 oC. Crystallization is a liquid and solid chemical separation that takes place due to mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline‚ a phase
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