The global oil and gas industry also involves the exploration and production of commodity and energy trading‚ pipeline monitoring and renewable energy. Petroleum is proved to be one of the most valuable commodities in the world today and a vital factor in the sustenance of industrial civilization. Crude oil production accounts for a significant amount of the world’s oil consumption‚ approximately 53% in the Middle East‚ 32% in Europe and Asia‚ 44% in South and Central America‚ 41% in Africa and
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Oil Ethics Oil Ethics Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 1 Key Facts about the Canadian Oil Sands 5 2 Extraction Process 7 2.1 Mining ........................................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 In-Situ Recovery ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Economic
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OIL CONSERVATION In view of the need to reduce the ever-increasing gap between demand and indigenous supply of crude oil and petroleum products the Government has accorded top priority to conservation of petroleum products. Towards this end various steps to promote conservation of petroleum products in the transport‚ industrial‚ agricultural and domestic sectors have been initiated. These include adoption of measures and practices which are conducive to increase fuel efficiency and training
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Experiment 4: Isolation of Essential Oils from Eugenol Background: Anyone who has walked through a forest or who enjoys the variety of fragrances that flowers have to offer knows that many plants and trees have their own distinctively pleasant odors. These odors are due to the volatile essential oils‚ many of which have been prized commodities since ancient times. If a list of commercially important essential oils was compiled the list would exceed 200 essential oils. Thyme‚ garlic‚ peppermint‚ and
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Mineral oil is most commonly put to use in our daily lives as baby oil‚ which has a fragrance added to it. It is clear‚ odorless and colorless. It is formed as a by-product during the distillation of petroleum from crude oil‚ to produce gasoline and other petroleum-based products. It is produced in very large quantities and is inexpensively available in drug stores. Due to its easy availability and low value‚ it is put into use in a wide range of avenues. As a Laxative Doctors often recommend
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Mustard oil From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search Mustard oil The term mustard oil is used for three different oils that are made from mustard seeds: * A fatty vegetable oil resulting from pressing the seeds‚ * An essential oil resulting from grinding the seeds‚ mixing them with water‚ and extracting the resulting volatile oil by distillation. * An oil made by infusing mustard seed extract into another vegetable oil‚ such as soybean oil The pungency
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FATS AND OIL DEFINITION: Fats and oils‚ group of organic substances that form an important part of the diet and also are useful in many industries. The fats are usually solid‚ the oils generally liquid at ordinary room temperatures. Some tropical products‚ liquids in their sites of origin‚ become solids in cooler climates; in commerce these often retain the name originally given‚ e.g.‚ palm oil and coconut oil. Chemically fats and oils are either simple or mixed glyceryl esters of organic acids
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Manufacturing of Sunflower Oil Refined sunflower oil will be ready to consume after two manufacturing processes. They are raw oil manufacturing and refining processes. These two steps are charted below. Chart-I: Manufacturing of Raw Oil Chart-II: Manufacturing of Refined Oil Raw oil manufacturing consists of 2 stages. These are pressing and extraction stages. In the first stage‚ seed of sunflower becomes sunflower oil. Cleaning‚ breaking‚ separation‚ shimming‚ roasting and pressing processes
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the terminology used in distillation practice and to give a very basic introduction to: | | types of columns | | basic distillation equipment and operation | | column internals | | reboilers | | distillation principles | | vapor liquid equilibria | | distillation column design and | | the factors that affect distillation column operation | | | | | | | TYPES OF DISTILLATION COLUMNS | There are many types of distillation columns‚ each designed to perform specific
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Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Santos‚ Raphael‚ Samson‚ Nonia Carla‚ *Tabora‚ Brylle‚ Tan‚ Kate Michal Department of Biological Sciences‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract Tea leaves are natural products that are harvested from agriculture. Caffeine‚ on the other hand‚ is a stimulant that has been shown to speed up the time of reaction‚ increase alertness‚ and improve one’s concentration. What we did in this experiment was to extract the alkaloid caffeine content
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