gas‚ temperature changes‚ solid formed‚ color change occurs or a new odor produced and physical changes such as freezing‚ melting‚ dissolving evaporating. Copper is a widely used metal‚ it is use in door handles‚ cooking pots‚ cars‚ swimming pool and hot tubes to control the yeast. Physical and chemical properties of copper: • Symbol : Cu • Atomic number: 29 • Highly electrical and thermal conductivity • State at room temperature : Solid • Brownish red colour
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exists in solids‚ liquids‚ gases‚ and plasmas. You can determine whether an object is a solid or not based on two characteristics. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Solid’s particles are so close together that they cant move and that’s what keeps a solid a definite shape. Little motion can occur in the particle arrangement. Particles in liquids‚ however‚ can move more freely. The particles are close together but are not as tightly packed as solids are. Like solids‚ liquids have no
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Matter exists in different phases‚ also called states‚ which include solid‚liquid‚ gas‚ and plasma. These phases can be distinguished at the molecular level by how the particles are held together. * Solids * In the solid phase‚ the intermolecular attraction between particles of matter is strong enough to hold all the particles together in a fixed three-dimensional arrangement. Because of the rigid arrangement of particles‚ solids retain both their shape and volume. * Remember that temperature
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white solid crystals 95% ethanol Clear colorless liquid Acetyl chloride Clear colorless liquid with gas escaping from container FeCl3 Clear colorless liquid Commercial aspirin Fine powdery white solid crystals I2/KI Deep black liquid KMnO4 Brownish liquid Phosphoric acid Clear colorless liquid Table 2. Preparation of Aspirin. Description Salicylic acid + Acetyl chloride Cloudy white liquid with undissolved white powder Mixture at room temp White cloudy liquid Mixture
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spacing b/w the molecules of matter as 1 SOLID STATE: 2 FLUIED STATE. I LIQUID STATE ii GASES STATE In solid molecules are very closed spaced where as liquids. The spacing b/w the different molecules is relatively large and in gases the spacing b/w molecules is still large Its means the intermolecular cohesive forces are large in solids‚ smaller in gases and extremely small in gases
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Experiment 1: Density | Purpose: To determine the density of the following liquids and solids. Data/Observation: Part A Sample | Distilled Water (g) | Methanol (g) | Glycerol (g) | Mass of empty cylinder | 41.1 g | 40.4 g | 41.1 g | Mass of cylinder + liquid | 51.2 g | 48.2 g | 53.8 g | Mass of liquid | 10.1 g | 7.8 g | 12.7 g | Calculations: Density of liquid = Mass/Volume = g/mL Distilled Water = 10.1g/10mL = 1.01 g/mL Methanol = 7.8g/10mL = 0.793 g/mL Glycerol = 12.7g/10mL
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C hapter 1 MATTER IN IN OUR SURROUNDINGS As we look at our surroundings‚ we see a large variety of things with different shapes‚ sizes and textures. Everything in this universe is made up of material which scientists have named “matter”. The air we breathe‚ the food we eat‚ stones‚ clouds‚ stars‚ plants and animals‚ even a small drop of water or a particle of sand– each thing is matter. We can also see as we look around that all the things mentioned above occupy space‚ that is
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of matter are observable in everyday life: solid‚ liquid‚ gas‚ and plasma. Further states are possible but do not naturally occur in our environment: Bose–Einstein condensates‚ neutron stars. Other states‚ such as quark-gluon plasmas‚ are believed to be possible. For a complete list of all exotic states of matter‚ see the list of states of matter. Historically‚ the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties. Matter in the solid state maintains a fixed volume and shape‚ with
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3.1.1 Identify that matter is made of particles that are continuously moving and interacting The particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles and they are constantly moving/continual state of motion. 1.1.2 Identify the difference between elements‚ compounds and mixtures in terms of particle theory Elements are simplest form substance meaning cannot be decomposed further physically or chemically. They are made up of same type of atoms only e.g. helium‚ oxygen. Compounds
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equation into chemical formula for the reactants and products Using valency rules 3. Balance the equation Adjust coefficients to get equal numbers of each kind of atom on each side 4. Specify the physical state for each species present (s) = solid‚ (l) = liquid‚ (g) = gas‚ (aq) = aqueous or dissolved in water Example 1. Phosphorus + chlorine phosphorus trichloride 2. P + Cl2 PCl3 3. Atoms on either side of the arrow are not balanced Reactants: P = 1‚ Cl = 2 Products: P = 1‚ Cl = 3 Insert
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