government lots of different kinds of powers and prohibits it from taking certain actions. The Constitution outlines four major types of power: enumerated‚ implied‚ inherent‚ and prohibited. Enumerated powers are powers given to Congress by the United States Constitution. The creators of the constitution wanted to be sure that the new federal government would not be over using their powers to oppress the people‚ and be like the group they left. Implied powers are often considered to be the “necessary
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CONTINGENCY THEORY Contingency Theory is a class of behavioral theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation‚ to lead a company‚ or to make decisions. Instead‚ the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. The leading practitioners of which were Tom Burns‚ Joan Woodward‚ Paul Lawrence‚ Jay Lorsch‚ and Fred Fiedler‚ an otherwise theoretically eclectic group who were nevertheless united in their belief that no single organizational
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How do the four contingency variables influence organizations’ structure? During 1970s‚ the United States of America was suffering unprecedented social‚ economic and political instability‚ with the great impact posed on western society by the crisis of oil‚ and the changing environment all the industries were facing. Previous management theories‚ such as scientific management theory‚ science of behaviour management theory and so on‚ only focused on how to improve enterprises’ internal organizational
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Contingency Planning Kimberlea Penney AIU Online February 10‚ 2013 Prof. R. Rodriguez ABSTRACT Contingency planning is an effective back up plan to any situation that requires an alternative course of action for the outcome of a common goal. There are several steps involved in contingency planning and these steps prepare for the strategic planning process to come to full effectiveness for a facility. A full plan for a facility allows for immediate resolutions for managing and addressing the
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The Redman-Childe list outlines the four main characteristics of a civilization that includes: 1) Concentration of surpluses 2) Hierarchical/Class structured society 3) Full-time specialization 4) Large urban centers (cities/states). Characteristics are further divided into primary and secondary‚ with secondary characteristics as significant but not fundamental in the development of a civilization. The primary characteristics from Redman-Childe list will be used to assess ancient China. In order
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each part of the system selected The contingency approach. Contingency approach to management theorizes that different situations and conditions require different management approaches. During the 1970’s the contingency approach gained popularity. Promoters and advocates of this theory believe that there is no one best way in managing; the best way depends on the specific circumstances. What makes the contingency approach different from other approaches is that it goes beyond
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What is a Contingency Plan? Also known as “Scenario Planning”‚ a contingency plan is the creation of alternative hypothetical but equally likely future conditions. It’s about preparing for events such as the loss of Top Management‚ Customers‚ Suppliers and Market Share due to competition. Contingency planning is a normal part of everyday business. The need for a contingency plan‚ or a plan “B”‚ is extremely important and requires a thorough analysis of risks that a business may face. Dell
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recognized for a legal or constructive obligation arising from a past event‚ if there is a probable (more likely than not) outflow of resources and the amount can be estimated reliably (IAS 37.14). In contrast‚ according to FASB ASC 450-20-25-2‚ a contingency (provision) is recognized if it is probable (likely) that a liability has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimated. Scenario 1 (1) Under IFRSs: According to IAS 37.22‚ the contamination of the land gives rise to a legal obligation for
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Contingency Theory Management and the Modern Day Corporation Page 4 Burns & Stalker (1961) – Managing Innovative Firms 1. Before the war‚ the industry was heavily involves in contract work with the government. 2. During the 1950s‚ opportunities arose for companies to develop new products for the growing consumer market (radios‚ TV’s‚ etc). 3. Consumer markets meant higher profits and greater Risks. 4. This meant moving into a market that was uncertain‚ competitive‚ extremely risky and required
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Week 2 – 2hr Workshop - Contingency KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS Contingency: a theory meaning one thing depends on other things. Contingency approaches: approaches that seek to delineate the characteristics of situations and followers and examine the leadership styles that can be used effectively. Fiedler’s contingency model: a model designed to diagnose whether a leader is task-oriented or relationship-oriented and match leader style to the situation. Situational theory: Hersey and Blanchard’s
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