LITERARY THEORY Misconceptions about theory: 1. Theory is difficult What is difficult however is the language because most of the theorists are French 2. theory is meaningless‚ pretentious jargon 3. that we are intellectually incapable of coping with it(i.e we are at fault) 4. We take everything as gospel truth; We should question What is literary theory? Theory is a coherent set of conceptual hypothetical and pragmatic principles forming the general frame of reference for a discipline
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Addition | again also and and then besides | equally further(more) in addition (to...) indeed next | in fact moreover too what is more finally | Comparison | compared with in comparison with in the same way/manner | similarly likewise | again also | Contrast | besides but however in contrast instead conversely it may be the case that certainly also likewise | naturally nevertheless of course on the contrary on the other hand regardless
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Literary Lexicon Allusion A reference to a literary‚ mythological‚ or historical person‚ place‚ or thing. Irony A contrast between appearance and reality – usually one in which reality is the opposite from what it seems; when one thing is expected to happen or be‚ and the exact opposite occurs. Symbol The use of any object‚ person‚ place‚ or action that both has a meaning in itself and that stands for something larger than itself‚ such as a quality‚ attitude‚ belief‚ or value. Foreshadowing
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LEXICAL STYLISTIC DEVICES Metaphor Genuine metaphors Trite(dead) metaphors Metonymy Metonymy Metonymy is the substitution of one word for another with which it is associated: ‘The White House said…’ (the American government) ; the press (newspapers and magazines); the cradle(infancy‚ place of origin);the grave(death); The hall applauded; The marble spoke; The kettle is boiling; I am fond of Agatha Christie; We didn’t speak because there were ears all around us; He was about a sentence away from
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the ways that the story line is similar and both characters in the stories share similar struggles and qualities. To summarize‚ the shared theme of perseverance is illustrated in both The Negro Mother and A Raisin in the Sun through the use of literary devices including characterization. In “A Raisin in the Sun‚” the theme of perseverance is shown through the characterization of both Mama and Beneatha. In Mama’s life‚ she has struggled through years of poverty and constant work day after day to help
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Ad Hominem An argument based on the failings of an adversary rather than on the merits of the case; a logical fallacy that involves a personal attack. Allegory Extending a metaphor so that objects‚ persons‚ and actions in a text are equated with meanings that lie outside the text. Alliteration The repetition of an initial consonant sound. Allusion A brief‚ usually indirect reference to a person‚ place‚ or event--real or fictional. Ambiguity The presence of two or more possible meanings
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Characters Reactions in Moments of Desperation in The Chrysalids People react differently in moments of desperation. There are generally many different kinds of reactions towards moments of desperation in the world. Joseph Strorm and David Strorm (his son) had different reactions in moments of desperation. Joseph and his son had opposite reactions in the novel. Joseph Strorm and his son had opposite reactions in the book. Joseph Strorm reacts to deviants very seriously and without sympathy. He
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pro-slavery South‚ with each side seeking to protect their interests and way of life. The authors of these poems use poetic devices and literary elements to capture the feelings of the nation during the times of the Civil War. For example‚ "Gathering Song" by Annie C. Ketchum is a poignant poem that explores the themes of community and togetherness. Ketchum utilizes various poetic devices to convey the sense of
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Poetic Sound Devices Practice “Poetry is old‚ ancient‚ goes back far. It is among the oldest of living things. So old it is that no man knows how and why the first poems came.” Confound the cats! All cats--away— Cats of all colors‚ black‚ white‚ gray; By night a nuisance and by day— Confound the cats! All cats‚ always. I dreamed a dream next Tuesday week‚ Beneath the apple-trees; I thought my eyes were big pork-pies‚ And my nose was Stilton cheese. Big Balloons Bounce into the
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http://www.translationdirectory.com/article301.htm Literary Translation: Recent Theoretical Developments By Sachin Ketkar Lecturer in English SB Garda College‚ Navsari www.geocities.com/sachinketkar sachinketkar@yahoo.com Literary studies have always‚ explicitly or implicitly‚ presupposed a certain notion of `literariness ’ with which it has been able to delimit its domain‚ specify‚ and sanction its methodologies and approaches to its subject. This notion of `literariness ’ is crucial
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