Effectiveness of In-School Programs and After School programs A Review of the Literature California State University Los Angeles Criminology 301 Professor Jenny June 7‚ 2012 Abstract In recent years‚ the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) noticed the increase in the number of teens between the ages of nine to seventeen being involved with gangs in the United States. While most people would agree that gang membership is an individual choice‚ scholars believe that
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Literature Review If you believe everything you read‚ better not read. (Japanese Proverb) [pic] What is a literature review? A literature review is an account of what has been published on a topic in the past. Its purpose is to inform the reader what has been established about a topic and what the strengths and weaknesses are. A literature review must be defined by a guiding concept and should not be a list of all the material that you can find (Porter‚ S. 2008‚ p.49). What is
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How to do literature review? My suggestion is the following steps 1) Source: Search for the academic papers by either (1) Web of Science or (2) Google Scholars. (see the last page) 2) Try to identify the papers that are either (1) very relevant‚ or (2) slightly relevant but important. You can read only the abstract to find out whether a paper is relevant or not. 3) A paper is important when: a. Published in top journals. See Page 2. b. Famous authors or authors working at top
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Literature Review on Marketing Strategies Posted on December 22‚ 2011 by bernard Leave a comment Research conducted by Cuthbertson & Bridson (2006) highlights the specific marketing strategies employed by retailers to increase customer loyalty. The research presents the internet as a potential medium of driving loyalty in the consumers. Fiorito & Laforge (1984) on the other hand have conducted a research on smaller retailers and what kind of marketing strategies they have employed to stay
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What is a literature review? The aim of a literature review is to show your reader (your tutor) that you have read‚ and have a good grasp of‚ the main published work concerning a particular topic or question in your field. This work may be in any format‚ including online sources. It may be a separate assignment‚ or one of the introductory sections of a report‚ dissertation or thesis. In the latter cases in particular‚ the review will be guided by your research objective or by the issue or thesis
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Portfolio management Portfolio management is the professional management of various securities (shares‚ bonds and other securities) and assets (e.g.‚ real estate) in order to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of the investors. Investors may be institutions (insurance companies‚ pension funds‚ corporations‚ charities‚ educational establishments etc.) or private investors (both directly via investment contracts and more commonly via collective investment schemes e.g. mutual funds or exchange-traded
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CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW In pursuing this research‚ there are several studies that have made significant contribution in designing the research. The following literature reviews attempt to demonstrate and support the hypothesis. In a research article by Rhodri Thomas and Vicky Harris (2000)‚ titled ‘Teaching quality and staff researches are there connections’. It is a descriptive analysis where the author asses the idea where much energy and finance has been expended by successive governments
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Literature Review of Health Promotions Grand Canyon University NRS 429 September 12‚ 2010 Literature Review Traditionally the United States health care system has been sickness-oriented. However‚ in the last two decades‚ a new paradigm has emerged. This new paradigm emphasizes wellness rather than sickness. As a result in this change in focus‚ health promotion is now an integral part of the nursing profession. This research paper will review current literature from
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Why write a literature review? New discoveries don’t materialise out of nowhere; they build upon the findings of previous experiments and investigations. A literature review shows how the investigation you are conducting fits with what has gone before and puts it into context. A literature review demonstrates to your reader that you are able to: Understand and critically analyse the background research Select and source the information that is necessary to develop a context for your research It
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE (Michael S. Lane‚ Gerald L. Blakely‚ 1990): Management development programmes are increasingly being studied and evaluated‚ regarding their efficiency and effectiveness. Presents the results of a survey of 155 directors and vice-presidents of personnel and human resource management departments regarding the current status of their management development programmes. The results indicate that management development programmes do not seem to differentiate between levels of
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