LITERATURE REVIEW Table of Contents Page • Marketing as a management Function 3 • Integration of marketing Function 7 • Changes in Business Environment 10 • Marketing Challenges 15 • Bibliography 21 Marketing as a Management Function Marketing as a management function which in its simplest term refers to the basic functions of management namely planning‚ organizing‚ leading and controlling (POLC). These four functions are necessary for the achievement
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Literature Review Functionalist‚ Emile Durkheim‚ was one of the first sociologists to study the issue of suicide and this work has become known worldwide. Many have either refined his work or criticized it. Although Durkheim’s book Suicide: A Study in Sociology (1970) focused on suicide rates in some European societies‚ he was able to distinguish four types of suicide and he spoke about the type of person who would commit suicide. Two of the types of suicides Durkheim defined occurred in industrial
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Review of Related Literature According to Seligman‚ M.E. (1990) motivation is the driving force which helps causes people to achieve goals. It is said to be intrinsic or extrinsic. The term is generally used for humans but‚ theoretically‚ it can also be used to describe the causes for animal behavior as well. But what Seligman is stating about motivation refers to human motivation. Motivation may be rooted in a basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure‚ or it may include specific
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(Online) ISSN 2045-8452 (Print) ww.sachajournals.com THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR‚ PAKISTAN Muhammad DANIYAL1; Tahir NAWAZ1; Muhammad ALEEM1; Ali HASSAN2 1 Lecturer‚ Department of Statistics‚ The Islamia University of Bahawalpur‚ Pakistan 2 Department of Media Studies‚ The Islamia University of Bahawalpur‚ Pakistan ABSTRACT The performance of the students in academics is not only influenced by their own characteristics gifted by the
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Literature Review 2.1 Introduction In the concrete industry‚ there are large amounts of concrete being produced around world. The quantity demand will reach $105.2 billion by the year 2015 in the world market for readymix concrete (Global Industry Analysis‚ 2014). Hence concrete quality becomes more and more important‚ because it refers to the quality of building construction and the capital usage efficiency of company. Furthermore‚ product quality is
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CHARPTER 2 RIVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.0 Study of the existing manual HRM system The function of Human Resources departments is generally administrative and common to all organizations. Organizations may have formalized selection‚ evaluation‚ and payroll processes. Efficient and effective management of "Human Capital" progressed to an increasingly imperative and complex process. The HR function consists of tracking existing employee data which traditionally includes personal histories‚ skills‚ capabilities
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This literature review addresses several issues related to the study of aging. Theoretical perspectives‚ research methods‚ and current controversies are reviewed. One issue that has beset the development of research on aging is a definition of old age (Scanzoni & Scanzoni‚ 1988‚ p. 549). Research in the United Kingdom and the United States has found that the older a person is in a chronological sense‚ the later is the chronological age at which that person tends to think old age begins. The concept
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE According to antiessays.com‚ Gender discrimination basically means how certain people are treated differently in their place of employment. If you have been rejected for employment‚ fired‚ or treated unfairly in employment because of your sex‚ then you have suffered from gender discrimination. Throughout most of history‚ women have been an underdog in many areas of the society regardless of the amount of education or experience they’ve had
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Literature Review From the the Encarta encyclopaedia 2010 Water pollution is any chemical‚ physical or biological change in the quality of water that has a harmful effect on any living thing that drinks or uses or lives in it. Dr. Shachin Cartlon (2009) states Water pollution occurs when a body of water is adversely affected due to the addition of large amounts of materials to the water. The sources of water pollution are categorized as being a point source or a non-source point of pollution
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examination of the role of attachment that eating disorders play in adolescents is explored. It is hypothesized that lower quality of attachment to parents in adolescents is associated with higher level of eating disorders. The following six literature reviews attempt to display and support this hypothesis. In a research article by Bachar‚ Canetti‚ Hochfdorf‚ Latzer ( 2002)‚ two questions were addressed to conduct the study. First‚ is the role of the family environment related to anorexic and bulimic
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