PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL: A CRITICAL REVIEW Abstract: Performance appraisal is used in many organizations in order to assess the performance of their employees. But there are some issues and problems that are associated with performance appraisal can have negative impacts on the performance of employees and can make it useless. These issues and problems are: absence of objective criteria‚ gender issues‚ rater’s bias‚ social and ethnic issues. And there are empirical research evidences that
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The effectiveness of advertising: a literature review Elisabetta Corvi Associate Professor of Economics and Business Management University of Brescia corvi@eco.unibs.it Michelle Bonera (corresponding author) Assistant Professor of Economics and Business Management University of Brescia +39 333 2341484 mbonera@eco.unibs.it Abstract The aim of the paper is to propose a simple approach to monitor and control the encoding phase‚ too often neglected by the doctrine and operators
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inevitable and necessary to succeed” Quiros (2014). With this truth in mind we must enhance our skills to lead people through various aspects of change. The purpose of this literature review is to identify commonalities across several articles their assumptions on the importance of change inclusive of my personal views. We will review two elements and the hindrances they present in the successful implementation of change within an organization. The two obstacles will be human adaptability and leadership
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Postpartum depression impacts the lives of 10-15% of postpartum women and typically occurs within one month of giving birth‚ despite the identification of some clear risk factors1‚2. Furthermore‚ having a baby is often viewed as a joyous event and there is a negative stigma associated with depression that occurs following the birth. Research has indicated that there are risk factors that can strongly predict postpartum depression‚ such as socioeconomic status‚ relationship status‚ and mental health
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However‚ data on the reliability of this approach are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the observer variability and accuracy of the gestalt interpretation of perfusion scintigraphy (combined with chest radiography) as well as the impact of adding ventilation scintigraphy and clinical pretest information. Methods: Three experienced observers independently reviewed the chest radiograph and ventilation-perfusion scans of 101 consecutive patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE (Michael S. Lane‚ Gerald L. Blakely‚ 1990): Management development programmes are increasingly being studied and evaluated‚ regarding their efficiency and effectiveness. Presents the results of a survey of 155 directors and vice-presidents of personnel and human resource management departments regarding the current status of their management development programmes. The results indicate that management development programmes do not seem to differentiate between levels of
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Souiden‚ et‚ al (2006) postulate that further in-depth studies are needed to investigate how branding can assist companies to achieve their organisational presence in the marketplace. Consequently‚ as there is inadequate research on branding literature‚ this study helped to establish a comprehensive understanding regarding the effectiveness of branding for small independent organisations. Therefore‚ this management report addressed the main research question of ‘how can small independent businesses
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selection in order to prepare students for what lies beyond high school. When students attend school each day‚ they are required to attend certain courses in order to graduate high school. Due to the fact that these classes have already been chosen for the students‚ they are discouraged from any type of individuality because the classes have no correlation to their personal interests. Source E states how ineffective the public schooling system is because it strips students of any type of individuality
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KFC spreading its wings and more throughout China By Ted Anthony The Associated Press BEIJING - The late Colonel Harland Sanders‚ whose bearded‚ down-home visage adorns chicken restaurants from Kentucky to Karachi‚ is headed for a new frontier: the mountains of Tibet. There’s more: The Mexican-style fast food of the Taco Bell chain will expand across China in the near future. Pizza Hut will step up its home deliveries. And KFC’s already imposing presence in the world’s most populous country
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Homelessness is a global tragedy that is an ongoing problem which arouses anxiety in government and civil society. There are many difficulties in defining what ‘homelessness’ really means. There has been a long debate about the definition of homelessness in Western countries (Neil & Fopp‚ 1992). Questions arise such as; how should we define people who don’t own their own accommodation but are staying temporarily with other households? Should they be labelled as homeless? This leads to the debate
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