2. Literature Review 2.1 Cost Estimation of Light Rail 2.1.1 Whole Life-cycle cost estimation of Light Rail As light rail is playing an increasingly important role in public transportation‚ more concern is put on light rail and the costs of the flexible and expandable transport. Most of our light rail transit decision-making considers the project forepart construction investment only. But in terms of the annual operation cost‚ scrap value and so on after project completion‚ there is less or even
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The Literature Review of Servicescapes Introduction: Shopping cannot simply be considered as an act of buying in an exchange for goods (C. Gardner and J. Sheppard‚ 1989). Because of the increasingly cut-throat competition‚ marketers and practitioners have to go great length to attract and retain customers. That is where the experiential marketing finds its inspiration. According to the vanguard of Morris B. Holbrook and Elizabeth C. Hirschman (1982)‚ experiential consumption is a view that focuses
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Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature The use of hydropower throughout the world has been changing since thousands of years. It’s because it is an indigenously available‚ clean‚ and renewable source of energy. Currently‚ 15% of the world’s electricity comes from hydroelectric power (Renewable Energy for the 21st Century‚ "Renewables 2007: Global Status Report"). While this number is impressive‚ new technologies will help hydroelectric power play a larger role in meeting global energy needs
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Chapter 3 Review of Related Literature 3.1 LOCAL STUDY A. Global Destiny Cable Destiny Cable Inc. was founded on January 1995. It embarked on marketing promotion through Solid Group Inc. by offering bundles services. On February 3‚ 1993 the name of the company was changed into Global Cable Inc. and was given a provisional authority to provide cable television services. Global Cable Inc. was allowed to operate and maintain CATV system in the municipality of San Juan and in the cities of
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Running head: IFRS IFRS: A Review of the Literature Intermediate Accounting III (10089) Abstract Due to the global integration of business and finance throughout the world‚ approximately 113 countries have adopted or are working on convergence with IFRS. This paper is a look at the history and an examination of where IFRS stands internationally and with the United States. For several decades the industrialized world has been working toward an international set of accounting standards.
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Literature Review Science involves an inquiry process that pupils utilize to understand the world around them. The inquiry process demands the use of both thinking skills and practical skills. Together‚ they help pupils to develop their understanding of science by combining scientific knowledge with reasoning and thinking skills. (Teo N. 2003) I note that inquiry in science begins with observation of a phenomenon that is sparked by curiosity. It then develops questions predominantly from the
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survey instrument‚ KEYS‚ which consists of 78 questions to measure the work place conditions enhanced the validity of Amabile’s findings. The suggestion of challenge‚ resources‚ supportive and diverse work-group‚ supervisory encouragement and organizational support provided a sound foundation for latter researches on creativity and innovation management. Kanter’s work discussed the types‚ characteristics and conditions of innovation. Her assertions had quoted some concepts from Amabile. She further
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This investigatory project aims to make use of rambutan peeling extracts that is high in phenolic compounds such as tannin and saponin that exhibits antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Although the seeds contain such compounds the peeling exhibit greater amount of the said compounds. Rambutan is a very popular fruit cultivated in the Philippines and it is eaten in large amounts. The rambutans rind is quickly discarded and
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Introduction CSR is a situation where not only do firm’s care about profit maximization and wealth accumulation about take into consideration the needs of the society. According to Carroll (1979)‚ companies are expected to maximize profit‚ obey the laws of the land‚ operate in line with community norms‚ and do well in society beyond the society’s expectations. Today‚ CSR is becoming rational including the needs of the community‚ maximizing the profits and managing the stakeholders. Garriga and Mele
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Present and Future of Olympic Marketing. Summary: This dissertation is dedicated to the analysis of Olympic marketing as the implicit side of Olympic movement; evaluation of past‚ present and future profiles of Olympic marketing. Research literature review There’s a list of research papers dedicated to commercialization of sports in general. At the same time‚ there’s apparent deficit of studies‚ dedicated directly to the problem of Olympic marketing‚ due to the specificity and complexity of the
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