Peripheral catheter complications and maintenance a literature review Nearly half of the 40 million patients requiring hospitalization each year in the United States receive intravenous (IV) treatment. Furthermore‚ approximately 42% of those receiving IV therapy experience phlebitis or other medical complications (Uslusoy & Mete‚ 2008). With numbers as staggering as these‚ IV care proves to be a large area of nursing responsibility and shows great relevance in the nursing practice.
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The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the influence episiotomy’s have on postpartum pain. In the first study by Leeman et al. (2009)‚ the purpose was to evaluate the pain associated with genital trauma‚ labor care‚ and different incidences during birth from a group of healthy women who had few instances of episiotomies and delivered vaginally. The sample size consisted of 565 midwifery patients that were at least eighteen years of age. These women signed consent forms allowing their
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and Griffin (1998)‚ phonological awareness is the ability to attend explicitly to the phonological structure of spoken words‚ rather than just to their meanings and syntactic roles. Children who exhibit low phonological awareness are at even further risk for developing difficulties while reading (McDowell et al.). These researchers explored the correlation and variables related to phonological awareness and the impact of poverty on emergent literacy acquisition. The age and gender of children were
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symptoms. These pathways address all stages of the disease beginning with the early recognition of patients at risk and ending with the need for end-of-life care. Pathophysiology Heart failure (HF) is a condition in which the heart is not able to sustain sufficient cardiac output to perfuse the
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Literature Review: According to Casse and Banahan (2007)‚ the different approaches to training and development need to be explored. It has come to their attention by their own preferred model and through experience with large Organisations. The current traditional training continuously facing the challenges in the selection of the employees‚ in maintaining the uncertainty related to the purpose and in introducing new tactics for the environment of work and by recognizing this‚ they advising on
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE (Michael S. Lane‚ Gerald L. Blakely‚ 1990): Management development programmes are increasingly being studied and evaluated‚ regarding their efficiency and effectiveness. Presents the results of a survey of 155 directors and vice-presidents of personnel and human resource management departments regarding the current status of their management development programmes. The results indicate that management development programmes do not seem to differentiate between levels of
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and provides recommendations in order to manage cost in a proper way more effective and efficiently”. This proposal starts with the background on managerial accounting which is the root of where cost accounting is derived from. Followed by the literature research in which theories and methods of different authors on the topic of food and beverage cost control are described. The forth chapter is the introduction of the company in question. The fifth chapter is the search in which is discussed the
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Literature Review Assignment The primary purpose of this assignment is to help you understand that the literature review is an integral part of any research project and how it lays the groundwork for the investigation you will do. Quoting from Hart (1998‚ p 13)‚ Sekaran and Bougie (2013) define a literature review as‚ …the selection of available documents (both published and unpublished) on the topic‚ which contain information‚ ideas‚ data and evidence written from a particular standpoint to fulfill
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Introduction Normally risk is the chance that a threat will change into a disaster. Vulnerability and threat are not dangerous‚ taken separately. But if they come together they become a risk‚ in other words the probability that a disaster will happen. Nevertheless risks can be reduced or managed. If we are careful about how we treat the environment and if we are aware of our weaknesses and vulnerabilities to existing hazards‚ then we can take measures to make sure that hazards do not turn into
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The effectiveness of advertising: a literature review Elisabetta Corvi Associate Professor of Economics and Business Management University of Brescia corvi@eco.unibs.it Michelle Bonera (corresponding author) Assistant Professor of Economics and Business Management University of Brescia +39 333 2341484 mbonera@eco.unibs.it Abstract The aim of the paper is to propose a simple approach to monitor and control the encoding phase‚ too often neglected by the doctrine and operators
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