Literature Review College of Community Counseling Abstract Throughout history marriage has been considered a state of holy matrimony that bound together two heterosexual people basically till death. This binding contract was accepted and supported by society and the families involved. A person was considered malformed in some way or was in disgrace if they didn’t get married. Cohabitation involves unmarried sexual partners sharing a household. This practice was considered
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John Bowlby’s Theory Attachment is a strong and emotional bond that develops over time between two individuals that is reciprocal. 1. THE THEORY * Bowlby’s theory suggests that attachment is evolutionary and is needed to aid survival. * He did observational research to link orphans with psychological damage. * Babies are helpless and rely on adults. They make instinctive decisions because they haven’t actually learnt anything yet. Bowlby said that babies must be genetically programmed
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including theories and tools for professionals to use in assessing and understanding the impact of issues on family members. Theories regarding families such a Bronfenbrenner‚ Family Systems Theory‚ and ABCX Model help to focus a professional’s view of the world and the family dynamics. Attachment theory describes four different types of attachment and the ways in which these attachments affect children’s interactions with others. Parenting styles have a large impact on the attachment and relationship
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John Bowlby‚ the father of the Attachment Theory‚ has left an indelible mark in the field of Developmental Psychiatry‚ drawing most of his inferences from studies of infant interactions with others. Dissatisfied with traditional theories of infant-parent interactions‚ he turned to evolutionary biology‚ ethology‚ developmental psychology‚ cognitive science and control systems theory for inspiration (Cassidy‚ 1999). Bowlby asserts that children have this sort of attachment to their parents and a mother-child
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Evaluating Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment Bowlby (1969) proposed that millions of years of evolution had produced a behaviour that is essential to the survival chances of human infants. He believed that human babies are born helpless and totally independent on the primary caregiver producing the baby with food‚ warmth‚ shelter‚ for their well-being and survival – this helplessness and total independence on the primary caregiver acts as a social releaser making the caregiver have a caregiving reaction
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of a child‚ except merely evaluating and observing them as they grow in age. Theories of Development Concepts and Applications envisioned many theories of how children grow‚ learn‚ and think. Several theorists such as Rousseau‚ Montessori‚ Gesell‚ Werner‚ and Piaget surfaced observations that they thought conducted of how children evolved. Many were based on the mere observation of the child itself‚ but several theories were built by the simple understanding of the age of the child. As I read and
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adaptiveness to behavior. Attachment is the strong emotional bond which develops between the infant and caregiver‚ it provides the infant with emotional security. It is said that by the second half of the first year‚ infants will have become attached to familiar people who have responded to their need for physical care and stimulation. How this attachment develops has been a topic of intense theoretical debate. There are many theories that try to explain attachment‚ but
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Disclosures About CSR Practices: A Literature Review Kavitha W * and Anita P ** Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now prominent and evident more than ever due to the emphasis laid on businesses regarding environmental‚ social and ethical issues. The level of CSR activities of the firms is made known to public only through the disclosures. This paper reviews the literature on CSR disclosures and the effect of these disclosures. There are various factors which determine the extent of
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Attachment theory is a concept in developmental psychology that concerns the importance of "attachment" in regards to personal development. John Bowlby was the first Psychologist to experiment this childhood development that he believed depended heavily upon a child’s ability to form a strong relationship with at least one primary caregiver. Bowlby’s studies led him to believe that children needed someone dominant for support and reassurance. Without this relationship‚ Bowlby felt that children would
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emotional and cognitive development. Specifically‚ it managed to shape his belief about the connection between early infant separations with the mother and later maladjustment‚ and this led Bowlby to come up with his attachment theory. The mothers are the fundamental attachment figure of the child but this can also include father‚ grandparents‚ and
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