The worldwide shortage of available donor organs provides little to no hope for patients wishing to have a chance at new life. According to the Texas Organ Sharing Alliance‚ there were 79‚466 patients on the U.S. National Waiting List as of January 1‚ 2002‚ with only 6‚148 donors in the country that year. In response to the organ shortage‚ scientists have made recent advances in transplant technology with the development of two new types of organ replacement: xenotransplantation and artificial organ
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What is cholecystitis? Cholecystitis is caused by a blockade of the cystic duct‚ leading to distention of the gallbladder. This is also known as calculus cholecystitis‚ this caused by the reason of gallbladder‚ or cholelithiasis. There are many other cause of acute cholecystitis such as ischemia‚ allergic reactions infections with protozoa‚ and poisoning. When the gallbladder becomes distended‚ blood flow and lymphatic drainage are compromised in which it can lead to mucosal ischemia and necrosis
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7.10.2 Anti-implantation activity of isolated fraction of ethanolic extract Jatropha gossypifolia leaves Female rats of proestrus phase were kept with male rats of proven fertility in the ratio of 2:1. The female rats were examined in the following morning for evidence of copulation. The animals were which showed thick clumps of spermatozoa in vaginal smear were separated from the male partner. Only the rats with normal estrous cycles were selected for the experiment. The animals divided into three
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FUCTIONING AND FOOD SOURCES MACRONUTIRENTS Protein: Growth and repair. Good source of energy meat and eggs Carbohydrates: Main source of energy for body. Fuel for energy bread‚ pasta Fats and Lipids: Assists in absorption and transport of fat soluble vitamins‚ provides insulation for the body cake‚ sugar Monounsaturated and Polysaturated are good fats avocado Saturated and Trans fats are bad fats oil deep fried food Fibre: Regulate the functioning of the digestive system- healthy
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The ultimate result of this is the reduction of efficiency of the neurotransmitter system in the brain. The catabolism of dopamine also serves as a large source of free radical generation in Alzheimer’s disease. Another possible mechanism involved in Alzheimer’s disease is the creation and accumulation of glutamate hydroxyl radical (Behl et al.‚ 1992) and also the over production of superoxide dismutase. This leads to the accumulation of hydroxyl radical produced from the conversion of hydrogen peroxide
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Evaluation of biliary obstruction for its nature is common clinical problem. (Frances Tse) There are many imaging modalities used to investigate in patient with suspected biliary abnormality such as transabdominal ultrasound‚ endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‚ ERCP‚ CT‚ MRI or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). MRI has now been increasing use and can reduce the requirement of ERCP or PTC due to its accuracy for evaluation of most biliary condition. (O’Connor) Magnetic resonance imaging has
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MTX Side Effects Applies to methotrexate: compounding powder‚ injectable powder for injection‚ injectable solution‚ oral tablet Hematologic Hematologic side effects have included myelosuppression which is one of the primary toxic effects of methotrexate. Methotrexate suppressed hematopoiesis has been reported to have caused anemia‚ aplastic anemia‚ pancytopenia‚ leukopenia‚ neutropenia‚ thrombocytopenia‚ lymphadenopathy‚ and lymphoproliferative disorders including reversible hypogammaglobulinemia
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Physiology of stomach:- For understanding approaches for gastro retention‚ it is essential to overview gastric physiology and gastric motility. The stomach is situated in the left upper part of the abdominal cavity immediately under the diaphragm. Human stomach has a resting volume of 25-50ml‚ which can distend upto1500ml following a meal. It is divided into 5 anatomical parts: a) Cardia:- First part of the stomach below the esophagus. It contains cardiac spincter‚which is a thin ring of muscle
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Preoperative 1) The preoperative nurses reinforced education that was given to the patients by their doctor about the risks and benefits of the procedure they were undergoing. They also ensured that all consent forms were signed and explained the process of the procedure. They started peripheral IVs that were needed and hung fluids and any antibiotics that the doctor ordered before the surgery. The nurses also made sure that the patients followed any instructions that were given to them such as NPO
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Pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis refers to the inflammation of the pancreas‚ an organ that lies in the back of the mid-abdomen. The function of the pancreas is to produce digestive juices and certain hormones‚ including insulin. Although the etiology and pathogenesis is unknown‚ the disease has been intensively investigated for centuries. Acute pancreatitis is usually a mild disease that does not lead to complications and requires only minor medical care. However a small population‚ about 20 percent
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