Scientific Theory A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspects of the natural world‚ based on a body of knowledge that has been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment. Scientist creates scientific theories from hypothesis that have been corroborated through the scientific method‚ then gather evidence to test their accuracy. The strength of a scientific theory is related to the diversity of phenomena it can explain‚ which is measured by its ability to make
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society. Equity theory is social justice theory‚ designed by Adams in 1963. It claims that individuals review the inputs and outcomes of themselves and others‚ and in situations of inequity‚ experience greater cognitive dissonance than individuals in equitable situations. This kind of equity is perceived as social justice in society (or company‚ or any other environment that involves individuals). Equity theory draws from exchange‚ dissonance‚ and social comparison theories in making predictions
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Designing Activity Systems Research The greatest challenge facing an Activity-Theory-based approached to researching interconnected networks and activity systems is the tension between the necessarily holistic view of “better contextuality” suggested by Kuuti‚ and the need for an appropriate level of analytic abstraction and “generalizable” research results required for the research to have utility across disciplines (as cited in Nardi‚ 1996‚ p. 22; Nardi‚ 1996‚ p.70). This tension can
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Contingency theory suggests that it is possible to organize too much to meet the needs of the environment. This would be a case of strategic misfit. Think of an example of misfit caused by an inappropriate organization design. Explain how a firm’s structure could systematically increase its costs and place it at a strategic disadvantage. Contingency theory is the idea that there is no uniformly “best” structure for all firms in all circumstances. Contingency theory has focused on three factors
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Motivation Theories I believe that the key to reaching a goal of a high level in the hotel industry should come from the front desk agents since they are ones that deliver the services to the guests. There are several different levels of professionalism from the employees as well as the guests‚ but hospitality must never be affected. As a front office manager in the hotel industry‚ you need to know what does and does not motivate your employees; as well as providing training programs to help them
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Reinforcement Theory Reinforcement is a term in operant conditioning and behavior analysis for a process of strengthening a directly measurable dimension of behavior—such as rate (pulling a lever more frequently)‚ duration ( pulling a lever for longer periods of time)‚ magnitude (pulling a lever with greater force)‚ or latency (pulling a lever more quickly following the onset of an environmental event)—as a function of the delivery of a "valued" stimulus (money from a slot machine) immediately or
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Notes The ultimate goal of theory evaluation is to determine the potential of the theory to scientific knowledge. Hardy • Theory evaluation: o meaningful and logical adequacy o Operational and empirical adequacy o Testability o Generality o Contribution to understanding o Predictability o Pragmatic adequacy Logical adequacy (diagramming) - identifying all theoretical terms (concepts‚ constructs‚ operational definitions‚ referents). Theory is a set of interrelated concepts and statements
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Personality Theories – Ch. 12 Assigned Readings: pg. 20‚ “Social Psychology & Cross-Cultural Psychology”; 383‚ “Revealing Who We Really Are”; pg. 398‚ “Murray’s Personological Approach”; pg. 407‚ “Can Personality Change”; pgs. 414 – 415‚ “The Type A/ Type B Behavior Pattern” I. Personality (pgs. 384) - an individual’s unique and relatively _______________ patterns of behavior‚ thoughts‚ and emotions; consistent behavioral traits; general style of interacting with the world A. Urich
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Agency Theory and Its Consequences A study of the unintended effect of Agency Theory on Risk and Morality M.Sc. FSM Master Thesis: Agency Theory & Its Consequences Master Thesis at Copenhagen Business School Student: Thomas Rüdiger Smith Programme: M.Sc Finance & Strategic Management Advisor: Sven Junghagen‚ Department of Management Politics & Philosophy August‚ 2011 Total Pages: 78 (133 with appendix and summary) Characters: 181647 (246486 with appendix and summary) Thomas Rüdiger
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What are Push Theory and Pull Theory? Pull theory: In economics‚ the demand-pull theory is the theory that inflation occurs when demand for goods and services exceed existing supplies. According to the demand pull theory‚ there is a range of effects on innovative activity driven by changes in expected demand‚ the competitive structure of markets‚ and factors which affect the valuation of new products or the ability of firms to realize economic benefits. In a marketing "pull" system‚ the consumer
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