The CELL THEORY‚ or cell doctrine‚ states that all organisms are composed of similar units of organization‚ called cells. The concept was formally articulated in 1839 by Schleiden & Schwann and has remained as the foundation of modern biology. The idea predates other great paradigms of biology including Darwin’s theory of evolution (1859)‚ Mendel’s laws of inheritance (1865)‚ and the establishment of comparative biochemistry (1940). Ultrastructural research and modern molecular biology have
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Attribution Theory of Leadership Attribution theory was a psychological theory first proposed by Fritz Heider in 1958 and extended by Harold Kelley in 1967. Terence R. Mitchell first introduced attribution theory as a leadership theory in 1979(Martinko‚ 1995). This theory says that we observe the behavior of others and then attribute cause on it. It can be used in two sides of the leadership area. First‚ it can be used in attribute leadership qualities. Which is that followers’ judgment
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four (4) theories of the press‚ which one adequately represents the situation in Trinidad &Tobago? In 1956‚ three professors of communication; Fred S. Siebert‚ Theodore Peterson and Wilbur Schramm‚ published their Four Theories of the Press which went a long way in establishing a classification in the minds of students and educators of journalism. The book was originally published to help give historical‚ philosophical and international perspective of the press. The four theories were namely
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prevailing theories that can be found in every family through television‚ movies‚ and actual families all across the nation. To understand the behaviors of a family you have to look at each individual and understand the contributing factors to their actions and social skills. “In the social learning system‚ new patterns of behavior can be acquired through direct experience or by observing the behavior of others.” This is explained through the social learning theory. The social learning theory explains
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the looking glass self is that people define themselves according to society ’s perception of them (www.d.umn.edu ). Cooley ’s ideas‚ coupled with the works of Mead‚ are very important to labeling theory and its approach to a person ’s acceptance of labels as attached by society. George Mead ’s theory is less concerned with the micro-level focus on the deviant and more concerned with the macro-level process of separating the conventional and the condemned (Pfohl 1994). In Mind‚ Self‚ and Society
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UTILITARIAN AND KANTIAN APPROACHES TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROUPS AND OUTSIDERS All of the social and political theories discussed in the previous sections agree that good leadership must be in the interests of followers. Where they disagree is on how much inequality between leaders and followers can be justified in pursuit of the common interest. Thus far we have equated the common interest with the interests of leaders and followers alone.[11] We turn now to a second main question about inequality
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A theory is a vital basis of every nursing endeavor. It can possibly explain the sense of every nursing action in the field. Without such‚ the practice of the profession will lack sense and deeper meaning. All throughout the history of nursing‚ it became a foundation that governs nurses in performing their duties. Like the theory of Nightingale which guided nurses during the Crimean War when Florence‚ along with other trained nurses took care of the soldiers who were injured by attending to their
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STUDY GUIDE BMOM 5203 ORGANISATION AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Chapter 2 – Theories in Management Introduction The Appendix to Chapter 1 of the textbook by Bateman & Snell (2011) describes the history of management and its major approaches. The approaches are grouped into five‚ namely‚ classical‚ behavioral‚ management science‚ contingency‚ and the systems approach. Learning Goal The goal is to enable you to identify the historical benchmarks of management which are still applied today. Learning
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Theories of Crime Biological Positivism Lombroso (1876) believed that evolution could explain behaviour. He thought that many criminals were found to have a distinctive physique‚ such as protruding ears‚ sloping foreheads‚ long arms‚ a prominent jaw and a receding chin. He described criminals as being ‘atavistic’ similar to an earlier form of evolutionary life. Sheldon (1949) also believed a criminal was determined by someone’s body type‚ he believed there were three body types‚ endomorph: short
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Sociological Theories A sociological theory is a set of ideas that provides an explanation for human society. Theories are selective in terms of their priorities and perspectives and the data they define as significant. As a result they provide a particular and partial view of reality. Sociological theories can be grouped together according to a variety of criteria. The most important of these is the distinction between Structural and Social action theories. Structural or macro perspectives
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