Radvansky. (2010). Cognition 5th Edition. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education‚ Inc. Green‚ M. P. (2009). Errors in Eyewitness Identification Procedures. Retrieved March 30‚ 2012‚ from Human Factors: http://www.visualexpert.com/Resources/mistakenid.html Loftus‚ E. (1979). Eyewitness Testimony. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Olivarez‚ B. (2010‚ April 24). Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve: The Theory of Memory. Retrieved March 30‚ 2012‚ from Helping Psychology: http://helpingpsychology.com/ebbinghaus-forgetting-curve
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that are factually incorrect but are strongly believed. Peter J. Freyd was a psychologist who coined the term. Although he created the name he did not have a strong impact on the game. Ralf Underwager and Elizabeth Loftus had a major influence on the study of false memory. Loftus is most known for her Lost in the mall experiment. She selected a group of individuals randomly and questioned them about their past getting to know them. Then asked them regularly about four events that had taken place
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Loftus 1 How Religion Has Affected My Life I’ve been going to church with my grandparents for as long as I can remember. I’ve always been a part of church related activities. We always said grace before we ate a meal. I said my prayers before I went to bed. I was baptized when I was born. I had my first communion. I was a very religious little kid and I always had God in my life. Of course‚ I only did all those things because I thought I was supposed to. I just thought it was something that
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Selective attention is when the witness is able to describe one detail‚ giving them less time to pay attention to other details. It can also be because the witness is more likely to focus on a detail with more emotional significance‚ such as a weapon. Loftus et al. (1987) showed participants a series of slides of a customer at a restaurant. In on version the customer was holding a gun‚ in the other the customer held a chequebook. Participants who had been shown the version with the gun present tended
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Interviewing and Communication for General Duties Police. (In Print.) Kapardis‚ A. (1997). ’Children as Witnesses ’‚ in Psychology and Law: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge University Press‚ Cambridge. Loftus‚ Elizabeth. Creating False Memories. Scientific American. September 1997: 30-35. Loftus‚ E.‚ & Palmer‚ J. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An Example of the Interaction Between Language and Memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour‚ 13 McCloskey‚ M.‚ & Zaragoza
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e. It is called memory for now because it encompasses everything in our conscience state. f. We take the information in‚ decide if we want it‚ then it is lost or kept depending on the decision. g. According to Dr. Elizabeth Loftus‚ this decision has to be made in less than thirty seconds before it is lost forever. i. Larry Squire and Eric Kandel‚ in “Memory‚ from Mind to Molecules” state that one way we help our short-term memory out is through habituation.
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(accessed 2 November 2010) [ 3 ] [ 12 ]. David Cody ‘Social Class’ The Victorian Web: literature‚ history‚ & culture in the age of Victoria (2002) (accessed 1st November 2010) [ 13 ] [ 18 ]. Dr Donna Loftus “The rise of the Victorian Middle class” (Accessed 8th November 2010) [ 19 ] [ 20 ]. Dr Donna Loftus “The rise of the Victorian Middle class” (Accessed 4th November 2010) [ 21 ] [ 24 ]. Simon Dentith Society and cultural forms in the nineteenth- century England (London: Macmillan Press LTD‚ 1998)
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One advantage of the Scientific method is that it’s replicable. Scientists record their methods and standardise them carefully so as the same procedures can be followed in the future. Investigations are carried out in highly controlled‚ objective laboratory and repeated to gain further reliability. This is an advantage because repeated a study is the most important way to demonstrate the validity of an experiment. If the results of the repeated experiment are the same‚ then this affirms the truth
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Advantages of the use of the scientific method in psychology There are a number of advantages to using scientific methods in psychology. Firstly an important aspect of imperial data is that it is objective‚ i.e. not affected by expectations of the research. So‚ without objectivity we have no way of being certain that data collected is valid. An example of this is seen with Gardner & Gardner. When they observed Washoe they might have judged that Washoe was using real words because they wanted
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Autobiographical memory consists of our life experiences‚ although there is a cross-cultural difference between the types of memories which are encoded. Research has shown that memory is malleable and has a tendency to inaccurately reconstruct the past (Loftus and Palmer‚ 1997)‚ however this does not stop the human mind having an ability to reconstruct past events with great detail. Research suggests that depressed people have difficulty remembering specific events‚ instead they are much more likely to
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