UNIT 8 P1 Behaviourist approach Classical Conditioning – Learning to make an association between two events. Operant conditioning – The use of consequences to influence the occurrences of particular behaviour. Behaviourism is a psychological perspective‚ it focuses on observing behaviour. ‘ Learning theory’ is when an individual learns from observing some one else’s behaviour
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Example: F = X + Y’Z The two parts of the expression X and Y’Z‚ are called terms of the function F. The function F is equal to 1 if term X is equal to 1 or if term Y’Z are equal to 1. Otherwise‚ F is equal to 0. A Boolean function expresses the logical relationship between binary variables. It is evaluated by determining the binary value of the expression for all possible combinations of values for the variables. A Boolean function can be represented in truth table and can be transformed into
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UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY PRESENTED BY: NJUE ANGELINE WANJA X74/53648/2012 PRESENTED TO: PROFESSOR GATUMU 1. MAKE A DISTINCTION BETWEEN NATURE AND NURTURE Nature is the inherent character or basic constitution of a person or thing while nurture is the sum of the environmental factors influencing the behavior and traits expressed by an organism. 2.IDENTIFY THE RECOGNISED EFFECTS OF NATURE AND NURTURE ON BEHAVIOUR AND DISCUSS THE MAJOR ISSUE CONCERNING
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Logical Structure or Theoretical Framework Problems do not exist in nature but in the minds of people. This can be seen from an examination of the definition of problem: problems stem from the juxtaposition of factors which results in a perplexing or enigmatic state of mind (a cognitive problem)‚ an undesirable consequence (a psychological or value problem)‚ or a conflict which obscures the appropriate course of action (a practical problem). Cognitions‚ values and practices are attributes of persons
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True-False Questions 1. T F Study of the methods of persuasion began with communication researchers early in the twentieth century. 2. T F What many teachers refer to as source credibility was called ethos by Aristotle. 3. T F Competence and character are the most important factors affecting a speaker’s credibility. 4. T F Education and status are the most important factors affecting a speaker’s credibility. 5. T F The more favorably listeners view a speaker’s competence and character
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PSYCA221F First Assignment Part I Highlight how the Behavioral‚ Freudian and Humanistic approaches account for the secondary motives that we have. Introduction Motive refers to an internal force which stimulating an individual to act toward achieving a specific goal. Either internal or external can activate a motive. Secondary motive is one of the types of motives. It is unrelated to biological well being. It develops from social interactions and is not necessary for survival. It is learned and
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Constructivism vs. Behaviorism Loree (Myrna) Sanchez PSY331: Psychology of Learning Alzic Upton December 19‚ 2016 Constructivism vs. Behaviorism Learning theories have long attempted to explain the reason why people learn the way they do. Being able to understand what causes a learning response or how a person learns can be infinitely beneficial. The question existed‚ do we do things because we are merely reacting to stimulus (Lieberman‚ 2012) or are we better able to learn when we use our minds
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Firstly‚ the author has a hasty generalization logical fallacy‚ which can be found in the following: “white immigrants are always seen as ‘intrepid’ people with ‘vigorous’ blood which adds to the receiving nation; similarly ambitious immigrants with darker skin or other ‘alien’ characteristics are always
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Unit 8. P1. The Psychological Perspectives A perspective is basically a view that includes specific assumptions about human behaviour. Contemporary psychology covers six perspectives including Behaviourism‚ Social learning‚ cognitive‚ psychodynamic‚ humanistic and biological. There can be several different theories within an approach however they all share common assumptions. Behaviourism Behaviourism is a leaning theory that has scientific evidence to support it. Behaviour is observable which
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statements from nature and believing it to be true fact. On the other hand it can be non-Cognitive‚ ethical language which is anti-realist and subjective. Logical Positivists‚ Ethical Naturalists and Intuitionists believe ethical statements are true as the have a distinct purpose when using a particular word. Ethical Naturalists and Logical Positivists believe only Cognitive ethical language is true as it describes facts. Whereas Descriptivists and Prescriptivists argue‚ although when referring
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