Assumptions and Fallacies What are assumptions? How do you think assumptions might interfere with critical thinking? What might you do to avoid making assumptions in your thinking? Assumptions are beliefs or ideas that we hold to be true often with little or no evidence required. Our assumptions or beliefs may have merit or they may not. Critical thinking is a process of challenging our beliefs and the inferences or conclusions they cause us to make. In our lives‚ we are constantly using our
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Fallacies and “Dirty Tricks” Identification The first person to try and categorize and systematically describe fallacies was Aristotle. He managed to identify thirteen different fallacies and divided them into two groups: Informal and Formal. The Informal Fallacy is hard to find because they can only be found and identified when you analyze the content of the argument. The Formal Fallacy is easy to identify because there is a defect to it and when you look at the logical formation of
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always accurate. In the article‚ Miner argues that because labor “unions have been increasing wage rates” and a depression‚ inflation‚ and unemployment have ensued means that the labor unions have caused these economic downturns. According to Post-Hoc Fallacy‚ this reasoning isn’t always correct because there could be other factor influencing the economic problems other than the labor unions. Raised interest rates‚ deregulation‚ and even wars can affect the economy in harmful ways; the connection between
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Today‚ it is known that these instances are only superficial to the true extent of the horrors on these slave ships‚ but such matters were far too delicate to publish at the time‚ and many people would most likely have rejected such a story as a fallacy. Equiano writes‚ "In this manner we continued to undergo more hardships than I can now relate‚ hardships which are inseparable from this accursed trade." (1230). While it seems like a simple statement‚ it works on the minds of the readers in a way
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Exercise Identify the fallacies in the following passages. A. The appeal to ignorance B. The appeal to inappropriate authority C. Argument against the person D. The appeal to emotion E. Irrelevant conclusion F. Complex Question G. False Cause H. Begging the question I. Accident J. Converse Accident 1. Brad Pitt is so cool because so many girls think he is. D‚ E‚ H 2. Einstein’s theories must be wrong because he was a very weird person. C‚ G 3. We should have imprisoned all the German and
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The Fallacies of Fad Diets The people will live on. The learning and blundering people will live on. They will be tricked and sold and again sold. And go back to the nourishing earth for rootholds. − Carl Sandburg‚ The People Speak “How did Jennifer Lopez lose 40 pounds after having twin babies? The Dukan Diet is the answer!” or “Jennifer Hudson lost 80 Lbs! Thanks to Weight Watchers!” − thumb through any supermarket tabloid or spend only an hour in front of TV and you ’ll catch a glimpse
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Associate Level Material Appendix D Assumptions and Fallacies Write a 150- to 200-word response to each of the following questions: • What are assumptions? How do you think assumptions might interfere with critical thinking? What might you do to avoid making assumptions in your thinking? An assumption is something we take for granted or presuppose‚ usually it is something we previously learned and do not question. It is part of our system of beliefs. We assume our beliefs to
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everyone seems to have an opinion that they declare to be true through persuasion or emotion. These opinions are logically weak and are said to be fallacies. There are many recurring fallacies in society today including‚ appeal to popularity‚ appeal to emotion and appeal to the person. In order to protect ourselves we need to be able to avoid using fallacies ourselves and recognize when others are using them towards us‚ so we can defend ourselves properly. We do this by learning to understand our own
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The logical framework approach and the writing of proposals 1 GENERAL REMARKS 2 What is a proposal? A proposal is a crucial document: donors will decide whether or not to finance your project based on what you have written. Any proposal should reflect thoughtful planning 3 Identify the project idea Demand from the community Project Needs as defined by experts Available resources 4 Some recommendations… 1. Make sure that you are addressing a genuine problem and that you are
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accurately gathered. Basically data modeling can fall into two types of categories: Physical modeling and Logical modeling. Logical modeling deals with gathering business requirements and converting those requirements into a model. The logical model revolves around the needs of the business‚ not the network‚ although the needs of the business are used to establish the needs of the network. Logical modeling involves gathering information about business processes‚ categories of data‚ and organizational
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