Theories of forgetting ’Forgetting’ can occur at any stage of memory Encoding (acquisition) - We may fail to ’remember’ as information was never encoded to begin with. Storage - Something may occur that interferes with our memory whilst it is being stored (e.g. during the consolidation of memory) - Something may occur that alters our stored memory - Our stored memories may spontaneously decay Retrieval - We may not have the correct cues required to be able to retrieve the information Forgetting
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1.1 Describe a range of causes of Dementia Syndrome. Dementia Syndrome is a condition caused by a set of symptoms. These symptoms can include but are not limited to: - memory loss‚ mood changes‚ communication difficulties‚ difficulty understanding or thinking. Some causes of these symptoms are:- the chemistry and structure of the brain changes‚ therefore causing the brain cells to die.(Alzheimer’s disease) Once again this can be caused by various things‚ lack of oxygen to the brain (Vascular
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Explanations of Forgetting in both the Short and Long Term Memory Psychologists study memory because it is important to understand how a person remembers‚ how they forget‚ and whether memory is reliable source of past information; this research is particularly important in the case of eyewitness testimonies. Memory is the process whereby a person holds on to information they have experienced. Psychologists categorise memory into 3 processes; encoding (making a memory trace)‚ storage and retrieval. Forgetting
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MEMORY / COGNITION TEST REVIEW SHEET Chapter 9 – Memory MEMORY: The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. FLASHBULB MEMORY: A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. Example: 9/11 Terrorist Attacks ENCODING: The processing of information into the memory system. Example: Adding meaning to the information. STORAGE: The retention of encoded information over time. RETRIEVAL: The process of getting information out
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Baddeley and Hitch (1974) developed an alternative model of short-term memory which they called the working memory model. The working memory model consists of four components. The central executive which controls and co-ordinates the operation of two subsystems‚ the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad. The central executive controls attention and coordinates the actions of the other components‚ it can briefly store information‚ but has a limited capacity. The phonological loop consists
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the picture of short-term memory (STM) provided by the Multi-Store Model was far too simple. Following the Multi-Store Model‚ it is believed that STM holds limited amounts of information for short periods of time with relatively little processing‚ it is believed to be a unitary store. This means that due to its single store it has no subsystems‚ unlike the Working Memory Model which has many subsystems. This proves that the Working Memory is not a unitary store. Working Memory is STM. In contrast
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MNEMONIC DEVICE Individuals who use mnemonic devices have a greater ability to process information rather than those who do not. Using symbolic and auditory messages can help everyone to signal their memory recall process. Many people do not use mnemonic devices as a memorization tool and those are disadvantaged to the people who do. If everyone started to make an effort to use mnemonic devices‚ people could recall stored information much more efficiently throughout daily life. The first
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The film The Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind was a great film with many psychological principles and themes. The film is centered around a couple who have both chosen to receive a procedure that will wipe their memory of each other following their tough breakup. The most prominent principle displayed in the film is retrograde amnesia. Arguably this is what the entire movie was centered around. Another principle‚ though perhaps less pronounced‚ would be passionate and companionate love and
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Outline and evaluate the working memory model (12 marks) Baddeley and Hitch proposed that memory has 4 components. The central executive‚ phonological loop‚ visuospatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer. The central executive decides how to share out and direct attention to incoming information. The phonological loop can be thought of as a maintenance rehearsal mechanism for retaining verbal information. It is sub-divided into two other components‚ the phonological store (inner ear)‚ which holds
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Memory- Task 1 Evaluate the usefulness of the three models of memory (multi-store model‚ working memory model and the levels of processing model) and discuss practical implications of memory research. Atkinson and Shiffrin ’s Multi- store Model of Memory (1968) hypothesises that there are three stores for memory; Sensory memory‚ short term memory (STM) and long term memory (LTM). The theory states that a memory passes through each of the stores and that the importance of the memory determines which
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