traditional view of memory. Sensory memory holds sensory information; ½ sec for visual‚ 2-4 sec for auditory: large capacity Short term memory retains perception for analysis; up to 30 seconds or less without rehearsal Long term memory provides relatively permanent storage; relatively permanent; relatively unlimited 3. Identify strategies used to improve long-term memory recall and the importance of retrieval cues. Organization and elaborative rehearsal; Recognition and recall Pay attention
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receives‚ stores‚ organizes‚ alters‚ and recovers (retrieves) MEMORY The ability to retain information over time –Active system that receives‚ stores‚ organizes‚ alters‚ and recovers (retrieves) THREE STAGES/TYPES OF MEMORY •SENSORY •SHORT TERM (WORKING) •LONG TERM THREE PROCESSES •ENCODING •STORING •RETRIEVING Stages of Memory •SENSORY (IN RAW FORM) –The first stage of memory –Stores an exact copy of incoming information •ICONIC memories –Fleeting visual or mental images –Lasts about ½ second •ECHONIC
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pass into the next stage - short-term memory. Short-Term Memory Short-term memory‚ also known as active memory‚ is the information we are currently aware of or thinking about. In Freudian psychology‚ this memory would be referred to as the conscious mind. Paying attention to sensory memories generates the information in short-term memory. Most of the information stored in active memory will be kept for approximately 20 to 30 seconds. While many of our short-term memories are quickly forgotten‚ attending
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is part of football there are more parts to it that people don’t really think about too much. There are three points of football that come from playing the game and they are the rich‚ glitzy‚ famous part. The part that travels to away games and has long practices that keep you away from your family. Then there is the anguish and stress factor‚ which is probably the biggest effect. One obvious positive that comes from playing the game of football is all the perks that come with it. As a kid there
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Shiffrin (1968) who suggested that memory was comprised of three separate stores. They were; sensory memory‚ short term memory and long term memory. The model shows how information is transferred between the three stores. The model simply shows that when your are given information of environmental stimuli it will enter your sensory memory and only if you pay attention will it enter your short term memory‚ which has a capacity of 7+/- 2 bits of information. The information can last up to 18 seconds‚ without
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letters they see at first and rehearsing the letters can move them from the short term memory to the long term memory to be recalled again when needed (primacy effect). And the other expectation was that the letters at the end of the list will be remembered better than the letters at the beginning of the list and that’s because and that because the participants will keep the letters they saw last in the short term memory and they will remember it better because it the last thing they saw (recency
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limited. Work bench memory is an area of the brain where information is stored for long-term memory and retrieval. In the same way‚ work bench memory has limited duration but not as nearly limited as sensory memory. Unlike sensory memory‚ work benched memory has limited capacity‚ long-term memory works very closely with work bench memory but like sensory memory it has unlimited capacity. On the other hand‚ long-term has unlimited duration‚ semantic meaning‚ and associative network. 3. The four
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memory. Write the appropriate letter in the box below. The first one has been done for you. A 7 +/- 2 B Up to 30 seconds without rehearsal C Mainly acoustic Short-term Memory Encoding Capacity Duration Long term memory A (2 marks) AO1 = 2 marks Correct identification B Duration (short term memory) C Encoding (short term memory) 1 mark for each correct answer. Most candidates answered this question correctly. 2 A case study was carried out on Peter whose brain was damaged in a
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Chapter 16 Helping Consumers to Remember Cognitive learning Cognitive learning occurs when information processed in short-term memory is stored in long-term memory. Rehearsal involves the mental repetition of information or‚ more formally‚ the recycling of information through short-term memory. The amount of elaboration (the degree of integration between the stimulus and existing knowledge) that occurs during processing influences the amount of learning that takes place. • Intentional
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York: Academic Press. Davelaar‚ E. J.‚ Haarmann‚ H. J.‚ Goshen-Gottstein‚ Y.‚ & Usher‚ M. (2006). Semantic Similarity Dissociates Short- From Long-Term Recency Effects: Testing a Neurocomputational Model of List Memory. Memory and Cognition‚ 34(2) Glanzer‚ M.‚ & Schwartz‚ A Greene‚ R. L.‚ & Crowder‚ R. G. (1984). Effects of Semantic Similarity on Long-Term Recency. The American Journal of Psychology‚ 97(3)‚ 441-449. Hall‚ J. F. (1954). Learning as a Function of Word Frequency. The American Journal
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