Hydroxamate test amides and esters red-purple color appears Iodoform test methyl ketones yellow precipitate Iron hydroxide test nitro groups red-brown precipitate Jones test 1o and 2o alcohols orange reagent turns blue-green Lucas test 2o‚ 3o‚ and benzylic alcohols cloudy solution or separate layer
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alcohols. Tests such as the dichromate test‚ Tollen’s test‚ Lucas test‚ DNPH test and iodoform test would be very useful in determining the type of alcohol that the unknown sample belongs to. In the experiment‚ the unknown sample underwent series of testing to identify what property of alcohol it belonged to and the result was that it was a primary alcohol. It went through the Dichromate reaction‚ Tollen’s reaction and finally the Lucas reaction. Introduction “The analysis of oxygen bearing organic
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ALCOHOLS‚ ETHERS‚ AND PHENOLS Juris Marie G. Garcia Institute of Chemistry‚ University of the Philippines‚ Diliman‚ Quezon City Date Performed: February 27‚ 2015 Date Submitted: March 06‚ 2015 Answers to Questions: 1.) Balanced equations: A. Lucas Test Test Sample Equation Ethyl Alcohol C2H5OH + HCl + ZnCl2 C2H5Cl + H2O Isopropyl Alcohol (CH3) 2CHOH + HCl (CH3) 2CHCl + ZnC2 + H2O Tert-butyl Alcohol (CH3) 3COH + HCl + ZnCl2 (CH3) 3CCl + ZnCl2 +H2O Benzyl Alcohol C6H5CH2OH + HCl + ZnCl2
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Functional Groups Alcohols Lucas test (Differentiates primary‚ secondary‚ and tertiary alcohols) Reagent: ZnCl2 in conc. HCl Observation: Rate of reaction (tertiary alcohol> secondary alcohol> primary alcohol) Procedure: 2mL Lucas Reagent in test tube+ 3-4 drops of alcohol‚ stopper‚ shake vigorously‚ NOTE time required (less than 10m mins only) to form an emulsion or separate layers. Oxidation (Confirms if alcohol is oxidizable: presence of H in C-OH bond) Reagent: Neutral KMnO4 Observation:
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and product formation. Iodine test‚ bromine test‚ Baeyer Test‚ Chloroform and aluminum chloride‚ fuming sulfuric acid‚ acetyl chloride‚ chromic acid‚ iodoform‚ Lucas’ test‚ Anilide formation‚ ester formation‚ hydrolysis‚ hydroxamic acid‚ Benedict’s test‚ Chromic test‚ 2‚4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine‚ Fehling’s solution‚ Schiff’s reagent‚ Tollen’s test‚ bromine water‚ cerric ammonium nitrate‚ ferric chloride‚ esterification‚ sodium bicarbonate‚ silver nitrate‚ Barfoed’s test‚ Borax Test‚ Bial test
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-1Determination of an Unknown Liquid (2-butanol) Through Fundamental Analysis Lee Billips Department of Chemistry‚ Shippensburg University‚ 1871 Old Main Drive. Shippensburg‚ PA‚ 17257. Abstract: The identification and characterization of unknowns are an important part of organic chemistry. It is fundamental to know experimental methods to deductively identify compounds (1) . The determination of unknown #6 (2-butanol) was identified by a series of test; first taking the boiling point (94-96
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Chemistry 2283g Experiment 1 – Alkyl Halides EXPERIMENT 1: Preparation and Reactivity of Alkyl Halides Relevant Sections in the text (Wade‚ 7 ed.) • 6.7 (p. 228) Reactions of alkyl halides • 6.8 – 6.12 (p. 229 – 242) The SN2 reaction: generality‚ factors affecting SN2 reactions‚ substrate reactivity‚ mechanism • 6.13 – 6.14 (p. 243 – 249) The SN1 reaction: mechanism‚ stereochemistry General Concepts The most common of the variety of methods available for preparing alkyl halides is the replacement
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will be disposed of in the appropriate waste containers. The following experiments illustrate some of the fundamental reactions of saturated‚ unsaturated‚ and aromatic hydrocarbons. The three classes sometimes react differently toward the same reagent‚ in which case it may be used to distinguish between them. (i) Combustion One of the most important uses of organic compounds‚ especially hydrocarbons‚ is combustion. This is the basis of the internal combustion engine and other heat generating
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Experiment #8 – properties of Alcohols and Phenols Introduction As has been mentioned before‚ over 20 million organic compounds have been identified. If each substance had to be studied as an entity completely separate from all the other substances‚ the study of organic chemistry as a whole would be impossible; that is to say‚ even more impossible than you currently believe it to be. Fortunately‚ the subject can be organized and it is often organized around the concept of the functional group
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Primary alcoholRCH2OH‚ R = H‚ alkyl or aryl (NOT a phenol).(ii) is not a good test on its own‚ since so many other readily reducible organic compounds will give the same reaction‚ though following it up by testing for an aldehyde gives it much more validity. | (i) Lucas test - shake a few
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