affect the equilibrium system‚ explain and interpret the results based on Le Chatelier’s principle. The shifts in the position of the equilibrium were induced by the change in concentration and temperature. In changing the concentration‚ different reagents were added to a solution at equilibrium state. In changing the temperature‚ a solution inside a test tube was heated while another one was cooled. The changes in color of the solution indicated that a shift in the equilibrium occurred. II. KEYWORDS:
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FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – MAKING AND PURIFYING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Stage 1 – Deciding how much reagent to use Most organic reactions do not go to completion; most reach an equilibrium position with significant quantities of reactants still remaining. In addition‚ separating the desired product from the rest of the reaction mixture‚ and then purifying it‚ will result in the loss of more of the product. The amount of product obtained expressed as a percentage
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OBJECTIVE: 1. To distinguish the bacteria abilities to metabolize various substrates and end products formed. 2. To observe the growth of different bacteria species in term of structures and its morphology based on different chemical substance applied. 3. To observe physiological and immunological properties utilized by different species of bacteria. INTRODUCTION: Bacteria biochemical testing can determine the types and numbers in terms of colony forming units of bacteria present in a
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September 12‚ 2012‚ from http://www.earlham.edu/~chem/chem111f03/labs/Experiment%2011.pdf/ The Synthesis of Apirin. (n.d.). Retrieved September 12‚ 2012‚ from http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/quick/csustan/aspirin.htm/ Excess and limiting Reagents. (n.d.). Retrieved September 14‚ 2012‚ from http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c120/limitn.html
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a famous article written in 1990‚ Robert Lucas pointed out that capital flows from rich to poor countries were very modest‚ and nowhere near the levels predicted by theory. Financial globalization has surged in the past decade and a half. While cross-border capital flows worldwide have risen substantially‚ reaching nearly $6 trillion in 2004‚ less than 10 percent of them go to developing countries. What then has become of the empirical paradox that Lucas identified? Has increasing financial integration
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VIHS/ Department of Chemistry Chemistry Revision Unit II (Edexcel) (01) a) When lithium nitrate and sodium nitrate are heated separately‚ both decompose giving oxygen gas as one of the products. (i) Which of these two nitrates would decompose at the lower temperature? .........................................................………………………………………….................... (ii) Give the name of any other product formed when sodium nitrate is heated. .....................................................
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Classification Tests for Hydrocarbons Authors: Goldie Ann Tejada‚ Allain Joseph S. Templo‚ Kristinlyn Trajano‚ Kevin Viray‚ Quennie Yu Group 10‚ 2F-PH‚ Faculty of Pharmacy‚ University of Santo Tomas ABSTRACT The test compounds undergo different physical and chemical tests to differentiate their intrinsic physical properties and chemical properties. Physical state‚ color‚ and odor were noted through simple observation. Miscibility of the test compounds were noted through color change or a warming
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an equilibrium shift to the product side using an excess of one of the starting components. In this experiment‚ the excess reagent is acetic acid because it is not expensive and can easily be removed for the reaction. The acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol are removed by extraction with sodium bicarbonate and water. The limiting reagent is isopentyl alcohol. A limiting reagent is completely consumed when
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Through this story I think I most relate to Lucas because I am not the one to trick my sibling. My sibling is the one that acts most like Amy‚ always trying to trick me. “Amy? You’re just kidding aren’t you? That was pretty good. You know if you weren’t so funny-looking you could probably become an actress.” Pg.7. This is what I would probably end up saying in this circumstance‚ try to be funny but keep it on edge and be a little bit hard-nosed about it. I am more of a gullible type of person so
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Synthesis of 3-methyl-3-heptanol In this experiment‚ an example of an organometallic compound which has a carbon magnesium bond will be utilized to form a tertiary alcohol. Grignard reagents have been extremely useful in the synthesis of a large number of classes of organic functional groups. Although Grignard reagents are unstable and decompose in air and moisture‚ they can be prepared and used immediately with moderate difficulty in the undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory. Care will need
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