SBP Research Bulletin Volume 2‚ Number 2‚ 2006 OPINIONS The Effect of Privatization and Liberalization on Banking Sector Performance in Pakistan Umer Khalid∗ 1. Introduction A well functioning financial system is necessary for enhancing the efficiency of intermediation‚ which is achieved by mobilizing domestic savings‚ channeling them into productive investment by identifying and funding good business opportunities‚ reducing information‚ transaction‚ and monitoring costs and facilitating
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Cause and Effect The Cause and Effect diagram also called the fishbone’ diagram is based on helping the user think through causes of a problem thoroughly. One of the benefits is that it drives the user to consider all possible causes of the problems‚ rather than just the ones that are obvious. Professor Kaoru Ishikawa of Tokyo University who pioneered the quality management process invented it. He used it to help explain to a group of engineers at Kawasaki Steel Works how a complex set of
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The objective of this paper is to prove that the Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE)‚ proposed by Saint Thomas Aquinas‚ is a valid moral principle. It has been concluded that the DDE is a valid moral principle as it allows one to justify whether an action will cause two diverse effects and whether the effects are permissible. It is crucial to establish the validity of the DDE because it has been applied to defend a significant number of contemporary controversial issues (McIntyre). In order to determine
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as the full dimensions and progression of the disease. The findings provide powerful leads to new medications and behavioral treatments. This second article in our NIDA Notes Reference Series discusses the central importance of studying drugs’ effects on neurotransmission and describes some of the most common experimental methods used in this research. As with other articles in the series‚ we provide illustrative references from articles published in NIDA Notes. What is Neurotransmission?
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Case Study#1 Summary Problems facing by Strategic Marketing Unit Two (SMU2) of Fine Food: Unfairly allocated costing system Unreliable performance evaluation standard leads to undervaluation of SMU2 and negative motivational effect on employees. Key Findings: Fine Foods allocates some period costs (including sales and marketing costs‚ media and sales promotion costs‚ and freight out cost) based on weight of product sold. SMU2 thus seems less profitable because the main product of SMU2 is Product
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first short term physical effect is trouble breathing. Smoke irritates the lungs and breathing problems can become like those of tobacco users‚ such as a daily cough and phlegm. Frequent lung illnesses and risk of lung infections are at a higher risk as well. Another short term physical effect is increased heart rate for up to 3 hours. Dilated vessels‚ red eyes‚ dry mouth‚ hot or cold skin‚ and muscle relaxation are all more short term physical effects. Other short effects include smelling‚ seeing
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The Placebo Effect A placebo is an inert substance that does not contain an active drug ingredient. The placebo effect is a psychosomatic phenomenon where we observe a beneficial change in the individual due to placebo manipulation. The nocebo effect is the opposite of the placebo effect‚ when a negative expectation or attitude leads to harmful or undesirable outcomes. For example‚ a patient taking a placebo drug may report having headaches‚ nausea or dizziness. Most of the history of medicine
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Causes and Effects of Bullying Every year‚ approximately 7 percent of students report to being bullied (“Physical”). Most people know bullying is wrong‚ but it continues to play a dominating role in the lives of adolescents. Whether the bullying was done by spreading rumors‚ calling someone names or through the Internet‚ there are many different causes of bullying‚ why it occurs‚ and how it effects the victim. The causes of bullying can influence how the bully decides to target a victim. Victims
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The Effects of Discrimination Young teens that belongs to a minority sexual orientation‚ (gay‚ bisexual‚ lesbian‚ transgender) may experience discrimination by their peers at school‚ in the workplace‚ or even at home (Benibgui‚ 2011; Mays‚ 2008; Saewyc‚ 2001). This discrimination can have major effects on teens that are detrimental‚ and sometimes these effects can tragically become fatal. The findings used to draw these conclusions gave different key elements. They helped determine different places
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“The CSI Effect is a recent phenomenon that can be attributed to the influence of mass media. The term started appearing in legal lexicon in 2003; roughly 3 years after the show and its spin-offs became wildly popular options for the American public” (Heinrick 59). This so called “CSI Effect”‚ is creating major controversy in the courtroom. There is such a large different between what the media depicts
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