Hedging in the Mining Industry Strategy‚ Control and Governance Contents Foreword Chapter 1: Executive summary Chapter 2: To hedge or not to hedge? Considering a strategy 1 2–4 5 – 12 Chapter 3: What tools are available? Implementing the hedging strategy 13 – 24 Chapter 4: How do we control and monitor a hedging programme? 25 – 36 Chapter 5: How‚ why and to whom do we communicate our risk-management strategy? 37 – 44 Chapter 6: What are the accounting implications? 45 – 49 Appendix
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Accounting for Derivative Instruments Page 1 of 22 Appendix 17A Accounting for Derivative Instruments Until the early 1970s‚ most financial managers worked in a cozy‚ if unthrilling‚ world. Since then‚ constant change caused by volatile markets‚ new technology‚ and deregulation has increased the risks to businesses. In response‚ the financial community developed products to manage these risks. These products—called derivative financial instruments or simply‚ derivatives—are useful for managing
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MNCs will normally compare the cash flows that could be expected from each hedging technique before determining which technique to apply. A futures hedge involves the use of currency futures. To hedge future payables‚ the firm may purchase a currency futures contract for the currency that it will be required. A forward hedge differs from a futures hedge in that forward contracts are used instead of futures contract to lock in the future exchange rate at which the firm will buy or sell a currency .An
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HOW MUCH SHOULD WE USE DERIVATIVES HEDGES? A Study in Airline Industry Changgull Song Fordham University‚ Deming Scholars MBA‚ changgull@gmail.com For managers of airlines‚ it is not always easy to predict the jet fuel costs‚ which affect the profitability of the firm. As a solution‚ some airlines aggressively hedge against the variability‚ but some others don’t. Here‚ we are trying to find an answer to a question‚ “How much should they hedge?” Variability in Earnings: Is it Bad? In a
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How would hedge fund front and middle office processes get impacted by mobile computing? In this era of technology and innovation‚ mobile computing has brought about a paradigm shift in the way firms deal with clients and the process they follow. Adoption of these technologies will also help hedge funds to improve their efficiency. Firstly one need to understand the function of front and middle office. Front office is the most important part of hedge fund as this division
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Problem: Hedging using Foreign Currency Derivatives problem: Scout Finch is the Chief Financial Officer [CFO] of Dayton Manufacturing‚ a U.S. based manufacturer of gas turbine equipment. She has just concluded negotiations for the sale of a turbine generator to Crown‚ a British firm for One million pounds. This single sale is quite large in relation to Dayton’s present business. Dayton has no other current foreign customers‚ so the currency risk of this sale is of particular concern. The sale is
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Merton Electronics Case Study 1) Merton Electronics is subject to transaction exposure. Transaction exposure is the gains or losses realized from the settlement of specific transactions that are denominated in a foreign currency. There are two main types of transaction exposure: 1) Purchasing or selling on credit goods denominated in a foreign currency 2) Borrowing or lending funds when repayments is going to be made in foreign currency. In respects to Merton’s Yen payments they are subject
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Research Background Exposure risk managers can hedge exchange rate risk with either currency futures or currency options. It is generally suggested that hedgers should choose a hedge instrument that matches the risk profile of the underlying currency position as closely as possible. This advice‚ however‚ ignores the possibility that the hedging effectiveness may differ for the alternate risk management tools. This study compares the effectiveness of currency
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Commodity Forwards: with some focus on crude oil 6-1 Same concept applies… • In general‚ commodity forward prices can be found using the same economic principles used for financial forward prices: F0‚T = S0 e (r − δ )T but the details will be different 6-2 Dirty details • For financial assets‚ δ is the dividend yield • For commodities‚ δ is the commodity lease rate The lease rate is the return that makes an investor willing to buy and lend a commodity • Some commodities
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its reports in US dollars. C) is not exposed to changes in foreign exchange rates. D) has transactional‚ translational and operating type of exposure. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: 9.1 Types of Foreign Exchange Exposure Skill: Recognition 9.2 Why Hedge? 1) A U.S. firm sells merchandise today to a British company for £100‚000. The current exchange rate is $2.03/£‚ the account is payable in three months‚ and the firm chooses to avoid any hedging techniques designed to reduce or eliminate the risk
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