Cellular Energetics Study Guide 1. Overall Metabolism a. Oxidation – a molecule LOSSES hydrogen‚ energy is RELEASED b. Reduction – a molecule GAINS hydrogen‚ energy is GAINED and stored (the more reduced a molecule is‚ the more energy is stored in its COVALENT BONDS) *** Always occur in a coupled pair (RED-OX)*** c. Electron Carriers i. Oxidizing Agents: are REDUCED to OXIDIZE another molecule 1. NAD+ - oxidizes glucose to 2 pyruvate in glycolysis
Free Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate
Ductal hyperplasia Ductal hyperplasia is characterized by proliferation of ductal epithelium‚ resulting in increased cellularity and multi layering of ductal epithelium. The pattern of growth varies greatly from case to case leading to different types of ductal hyperplasia. Features indicative of benign nature of the lesion includes oval nuclei with indistinct cytoplasmic border and eosinophilic rather than pale cytoplasm‚ arrangement of the cells in parallel bundles‚ presence of peripheral elongated
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POB II: Exam II Review Chapter 6: tour of the cell Microscopy: • Microscopes provide a window to the cell. • Most important tool in cytology • Resolution has improved understanding of cells. o Resolving power – the smallest distance between two objects that allows them to be seen as distinct objects. o Resolving power of the human eye is 0.1 mm • Light microscope – uses glass lenses and visible light to form a magnified image of an object. o Resolving power of about 100 nm (.0002 mm)
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Human Cell‚ protein production‚ cell organelles and the cell membrane. Structure and cell transport. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms (See figure 1). It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing (except virus‚ which consists only from DNA/RNA covered by protein and lipids)‚ and is often called the building block of life. Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell; including most bacteria) or
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NADPH are produced when electrons are in a cyclic flow using photosystem I and P700. 9. During the light reaction the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane can be as great as 3 pH units. On which side of the membrane (stroma or lumen of the grana) is the pH the lowest? 10. Photorespiration costs the plant as much as 50% of the carbon fixed in the Calvin Cycle. Discuss why has this process not been selected against (or has it?). 11. Discuss under what environmental
Free Photosynthesis
(Pi)‚ and needs energy. The overall reaction sequence is: ADP + Pi → ATP‚ where ADP and Pi are joined together by ATPsynthase Energy is often released in the form of protium‚ or H+‚ moving down an electrochemical gradient‚ such as from the lumen into the stroma of chloroplasts or from the inter-membrane space into the matrix in mitochondria. Structure Located within the mitochondria‚ ATP synthase consists of 2 regions the FO portion is within the membrane. The F1 portion of the
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halls. The products include down lights‚ linear lights‚ spot lights‚ high/low bay lights‚ and task lights. Key Regions Europe‚ Middle East and Africa Americas APAC Key Vendors Cooper Industries plc Cree Inc. Dialight plc Digital Lumens Inc. Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV Other Prominent Vendors Emerson Electric GE Lighting Osram Toshiba Zumtobel Key Market Driver Need for Energy-efficient Lighting Solutions For a full‚ detailed list‚ view our report.
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Na+ Na+ Gill epithelial cell Intestinal epithelial cells Cl- Cell membrane Anionic proteins (a) Ion concentration inside a single animal cell (b) Ion concentration across gill epithelium of a freshwater fish Blood capillary Intestinal lumen Glucose from meal Cross section of small intestine (c) Glucose transport across intestinal epithelium into the blood system MEMBRANE STRUCTURE Extracellular fluid Glycoproteins and -lipids Phospholipid bilayer Cytoplasm Integral
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1. Label a diagram of the respiratory system?? 2. Describe the process of breathing?? Breathing consists of two phases. The first is inspiration and the second is expiration. During inspiration‚ the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract. The diaphragm moves downwards increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and the intercostal muscles pull the ribs up expanding the rib cage and further increasing this volume. This increase of volume lowers the air pressure in the alveoli to below
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8/20/14 BIO 1165 Chapter 25 Read 3.5 Multiple Choice 1. The lowest blood concentration of nitrogenous waste occurs in renal vein. 2. The glomerular capillaries differ from other capillary networks in the body because they are derived from and drain into arterioles. 3. Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the collecting ducts. 4. Which is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule cells?Na+‚K+‚ amino acids. 5. Glucose is
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