connected network of tubules‚ cisterns and vesicles that is spread throughout the cytoplasm and is covered with a special membrane. The whole assembly takes up 10% of the total cell volume. The internal space of the endoplasmic reticulum is called lumen. The bilipid membrane that covers the endoplasmic reticulum allows for transport of molecules into and outside the network. It’s a gigantic pipeline that is spread over the whole cytoplasm and is held together by a cytoplasmic skeleton‚ made up of
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Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Cité Internationale‚ Lyon‚ France August 23-26‚ 2007. ThP2D2.8 A Numerical Simulation of Peristaltic motion in the Ureter Using Fluid Structure Interactions Bahman Vahidi and Nasser Fatouraee of the muscle depends on the load against which it is contracting as well as on its current geometry and its state of activation‚ and that load consists largely of the hydrodynamic (viscous) forces required to move the urine. A
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and occlusion of the tubule (Craft and Gordon‚ 2010). It takes approximately 5-7 minutes for substances to pass through the collecting duct to the bladder‚ and during this time stone crystals bind together until they are large enough to occlude the lumen (Gnessin‚ E.‚ Lingeman‚ J.‚ and Evan‚ A.‚ 2010).The stones are most commonly calcium based: made up of calcium oxalate‚ calcium phosphate or brushite (Pearle‚ 2012). A minority of patients will experience stones composed of uric acid‚ struvite or
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Chapter 18 1 Takusagawa’s Note© Chapter 18: Photosynthesis 1. CHLOROPLASTS - Photosynthesis is carried out at chloroplasts. Structure of chloroplast Outer membrane Stroma lamellae Inner membrane Thylakoid Chloroplast Granum Dark reaction Stroma Light reaction - Composition of innermembrane and granum membrane are unusual. - Phospholipid (negatively charged) ~10% - Neutral lipid (galactose) ~80% Photosynthesis occurs in two distinct phases: 1. Light reactions --- Generates
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Index -----------------------------------------------------------------------* Requirements * Setup * Credits & Thanks * Contact & Questions * License Requirements ----------------------------------------------------------------* Projector - more lumens -> bigger projections * Mac OS X based Laptop‚ Windows compatible version will follow very shortly (Hello Make Podcast viewers! Please give a week :)) * Builtin iSight is minimum‚ drawing generally works better with a DV/Firewire camera * Depending
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reabsorption especially in nonlactating women results in metaplasia of the duct and increase inflammation. In addition‚ smokers are at a high risk‚ because the toxin release from tobacco contributes to recurrent retroareolar abscess resulting in the lumen blockage. Approximately 90% of women who smoke experience recurrent retroareolar abscesses‚ therefore smoking cessation should be encouraged if the patient be a smoker (Rahal‚ et al. 2005). Obtaining a thorough medical‚ social‚ and family history is
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and/or reabsorption might be lost if this layer is no longer functional? What functions will be compromised if the ulcer eats through the submucosa and then the muscularis? Some of the ingested and secreted may not be absorbed correctly and may seep lumen if the mucosa layer is no longer functional. The functions that may be compromised if the ulcer eats through the submucosa and the muscularis would be the breakdown of food and mixing it with digestive secretions. If the ulcer eats through the muscularis
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Feature Structure Function Atria (singular atrium) thin walled no valves rough pectinate muscles sinus node (impulse generating tissue) interatrial septum Right atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the vena cava and pumps it to the right ventricle. Left atrium: Receives oxygenated blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary veins and pumps it to the left ventricle. Ventricles thicker walls (than atria)‚ the left is thicker than the right as blood must be pumped all
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process of osmosis: movement of water from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. Tubular secretion is the final step in the process of urine formation which transfers materials from peritubular capillaries to renal tubular lumen and occurs mainly by active transport. ADH is secreted by the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) when there is a decrease in water concentration (increase in osmolarity) which will cause an increase in water reabsorption (decrease in osmolarity)
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TOPIC 6‚ 11‚ & OPTION H: HUMAN HEALTH AND PHYSIOLOGY Digestive System Includes all the structures that are concerned with bringing food into the body to provide for the needs of the body’s cells. Each cell in an organism relies on a continuous expenditure of energy. Fats‚ carbs‚ and proteins are broken down during cellular metabolism and the energy derived from them is used to make ATP. The digestive system deals with: Ingestion‚ which is the bringing of nutrients into the body. Mechanical
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